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Background. The distillery stillage is a major and arduous byproduct generated during ethanol production in distilleries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of the stillage recirculation in the mashing process of triticale for non-byproducts production and reducing the fresh water consumption. The number of recirculation cycles which can be applied without disturbances in the ethanol fermentation process was investigated. MateriaL and methods. Winter triticale BOGO and “Ethanol Red” Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast were used in the experiments. The method of non-pressure cooking was used for gelatinizing the triticale, commercial α-amylase SPEZYME ETHYL and glucoamyl- ase FERMENZYME L-400 were applied for starch liquefaction and saccharification. The process was conducted at 30°C for 72 h, next after distillation the stillage was centrifuged and the liquid fraction was used instead of 75% of process water. Results. Ethanol yield from triticale fermentations during 40 cycles ranged between 82% and 95% of theoretical yield preserving yeast vitality and quantity on the same level. The obtained distillates were characterized with enhanced volatile compounds (fusel oil, esters, aldehydes, methanol) as well as protein and potassium concentrations. Conclusions. The liquid part of stillage was proved that can be reused instead of water in bioethanol production from triticale, without disturbing the fermentation process. This investigated solution of distillery byproducts utilization (liquid phase of stillage) constitutes the way which could significantly decrease the bioethanol production costs by reducing the water consumption, as well as wastewater production.
The aim of the presented research was to determine the activity and interactions of the human intestinal microflora with biologically-active compounds and to ascertain the degree of its “in vitro” survivability in the applied model of the gastrointestinal tract. Products (noodles) from colour bean seeds cv. Red Kidney were obtained after thermoplastic treatment with addition of plant extracts: garlic, onion and oregano (concentration of aqueous extracts 50 mg/mL). The highest antioxidant capacity (22.88 mg Tx/g) as well as content of phenolic compounds (2.94 mg/g) after the digestion process was determined for noodles from red bean with the onion extracts. The growth of investigated bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium genera) was affected by the digested noodles from red bean with the plant extracts, especially of the Enterococcus and Bifidobacterium species. The amount of bacteria after digestion in the large intestine maintained at 108 cfu/mL, whereas the noodles without the addition of plant origin extracts also stimulated the growth of microflora. In effect, the amount of bacteria detected in the large intestine accounted for 109 – 1010 cfu/mL.
W pracy przebadano szczep drożdży Candida bombicola ATCC 22214 pod względem możliwości syntezy związków powierzchniowo czynnych na podłożu zawierającym kwas oleinowy jako źródło węgla hydrofobowego. Do hodowli wprowadzano zamiennie źródła azotu pochodzące z ekstraktu drożdżowego, chlorku amonu i wodorofosforanu (V) amonu. Kwas oleinowy okazał się doskonałym materiałem do syntezy glikolipidów. Najlepszą wydajność biosurfaktantów 85 g/l uzyskano na podłożu wzrostowym zawierającym: glukozę, kwas oleinowy i ekstrakt drożdżowy. Najefektywniejsze do biosyntezy okazało się wzbogacanie podłoża w czasie hodowli glukozą (14,4 g/l/dobę) i kwasem oleinowym (10 g/l/dobę).
The aim of the presented research was to determine the activity and interactions of the human intestinal microflora with biologically-active compounds as well as the degree of their in vitro survivability in the applied model of the gastrointestinal tract. Products (pasta) from green lentil seeds were obtained after thermoplastic treatment with the addition of plant extracts of garlic, onion and oregano (concentration of water extracts was 50 mg/mL). The highest antioxidative activity (32.43 mg Trolox/g) and content of phenolic compounds (3.21 mg/g) after the digestion process were determined for pasta from green lentil with the oregano extracts. Growth of the investigated bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Bifidobacterium genera) was affected by the digested noodles from green lentil with the plant extracts, especially in the case of the Enterococcus and Lactobacillus species. The bacterial count after digestion in the large intestine was maintained at a level of 108 cfu/mL, whereas the noodles without the addition of plant extracts also stimulated microflora growth. As a result, the count of colonic bacteria was found to reach 109-1010 cfu/mL.
Background. Performic acid has recently become available on a commercial scale for potential use in wastewater disinfection and can become an innovative biocide for various purposes in food processing. The aim of our study was: 1) to investigate the antimicrobial resistance of performic acid as high active and non toxic Chemical disinfectant against Escherichi coli (hygiene indicator test microorganism used in industrial microbiology) and 2) to evaluate the electrical impedance measurement method usefulness for fast and high precise test of antibacterial activity. Material and methods. Four types of antimicrobial disinfectants (commercial 35% hydrogen peroxide, 1% performic acid, 35% hydrogen peroxide and 15% formie acid) were tested against Escherichia coli as hygiene indicator test microorganism. By evaluating the biocidal activity of selected disinfectants two methods were compared: electrical impedance measurement and classical serial dilution method with turbidity effect. Results. It was stated that the performic acid expressed the highest antibacterial activity in comparison to other tested peroxide disinfectants: commercial 35% hydrogen peroxide solution and components required for performic acid production: 35% hydrogen peroxide solution with stabilizers and 15% formie acid solution with stabilizers). It was demonstrated that the proposed altemative microbiology method of electrical impedance measurement facilitates a rapidly and more precise analyses of the intensity of disinfectants inhibition effect. Conclusions. It can be postulated that both, the performic acid disinfectants as well as the impedimetric method can be a good advantage in the industrial microbiology.
Background. The difficult position of Polish agriculture, including one of its branches, i.e. sugar industry, is conducive of search for solutions aiming at an improvement of the condition of industry. One of the potential solutions in this respect may be to focus on alternative raw materials and search for ways to overcome recession in renewable energy sources. The aim of this work was to evaluate the possibilities of using non-starchy materials - sugar materials, without enzymatic treatment for ethanol production using selected yeast strains. Material and methods. Sugar beet pulp and thick juice, as a semi product from sugar beet, were fermented. The efficiency of the process was assessed using two Saccharomyces cerevisiae preparations - Ethanol Red, Fermiol. Fermentation was run for 72 h at 30°C. Quality of produced raw distillates was evaluated using the GC method. Results. The research on fermentation processes showed that sugar beet pulp let obtain higher ethanol yield - 87% of theoretical than sugar beet thick juice - 84% of theoretical, both for Ethanol Red and Fermiol yeast preparations. Moreover, it was exhibited that the increase of sugar concentration in the fermentation medium obtained from thick juice, statistically importantly influenced ethanol yield decrease, for both yeast preparations. The distillates’ quality analysis showed the influence of raw materials and microorganism used for fermentation on pollution degree. Distillate obtained from thick juice was characterised with the lowest by-products content after fermentation with Ethanol Red. Conclusions. The results make additional possibilities for sugar beet utilization in distillery industry and new markets using production surpluses both for sugar beet and its semi- -product - thick juice.
An attempt was made to characterise thermophilic microflora isolated in an industrial plant utilising food industry waste. Initial estimation of environmental requirements of a mixed microorganism population was performed using the method measuring changes in electrical im­pedance by means of the BacTrac 4100 Automatic Microorganisms Growth Analyzer. Control of the dynamics of microorganism growth on broth media supple­mented with sources of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus and at various pH allowed initial assessment of their en­vi­ron­men­tal requirements. The course of alterations in electrical impedance during culturing of both single isolates and mixed mi­cro­or­ganism populations can be described by means of Gompertz’s curve characteristic for bacteria growth with a very high correlation coefficient. The mixed microorganism population and isolates obtained from it were also characterised from the point of view of their biodegradation potentials of wastewater obtained in the potato processing industry. Biodegradation processes carried out in conditions of shake flask cultures at a temperature of 55oC showed higher reducing potentials of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of a mixed bacteria culture. Single isolates were characterised by a distinctly inferior metabolic activity and lower biodegradation potentials of “ hot” potato wastewater.
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