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Strong potential for endozoochory by waterfowl in a rare, ephemeral wetland plant species, Astragalus contortuplicatus (Fabaceae)

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Lovas-Kiss A., Sonkoly J., Vincze O., Green A. J., Takacs A., Molnar A. V.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

2015

tom 84

nr 3

It was proposed previously that passive dispersal by migratory aquatic birds explain the widespread distribution of many wetland organisms. Several experimental studies have shown that many widespread wetland plant species can be readily dispersed within the guts of Anatidae. However, it is unclear whether plants with a more restricted distribution are able to disperse via waterbirds. This paper addresses the dispersal ability and germination ecology of the little-known Hungarian milkvetch Astragalus contortuplicatus, which occurs on banks of continental rivers and has a limited and unpredictable distribution. To test whether limited capacity for endozoochory by waterfowl could explain the sporadic appearance of this species, we force-fed ten captive mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) with 100 milkvetch seeds each. Droppings were collected for up to 45 h after feeding. Intact and viable seeds were found in the droppings of each mallard, and altogether 24.7% of seeds fed were recovered intact. The proportion of retrieved seeds that germinated (27.0%) was significantly higher than that of untreated control seeds (0.5%), but significantly lower than that of mechanically scarified seeds (96.0%). Retrieved seeds that germinated developed into healthy mature plants. Given the average flight velocity of mallards, seeds of A. contortuplicatus may travel up to 1600 km inside the digestive tract of migrating individuals. Our results suggest that avian vectors may be more important for the dispersal of rare higher plants (especially those with a hard seed-coat) than hitherto considered. Moreover, they suggest that rarity does not necessarily indicate limited dispersal ability, and may instead be explained by specific habitat requirements.

Nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS paralogs as evidence of recennt interspecific hybridization in the genus Ophrys [Orchidaceae]

100%

Gulyas G., Sramko G., Molnar A. V., Rudnoy S., Illyes Z., Balazs T., Bratek Z.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

2005

tom 47

nr 2

Ophrys holubyana Andrasovszky (Orchidaceae), distributed in the Carpatho-Pannonian region, is generally believed to be of hybrid origin. Although its hybrid origin is broadly accepted by many authors, no molecular evidence has been found to support the hypothesis. The nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (nrDNA ITS) region was sequenced from Ophrys holubyana, and from the presumed progenitor taxa: Ophrys fuciflora (Cr.) Rchb. and Ophrys bicornis Sadler ex Nendtvich. Nearly all the known populations in the Carpatho-Pannonian region were sampled, and the first data on the nrDNA ITS sequence of O. holubyana and O. bicornis are presented. Aligning the ITS sequences revealed no differences among the ten samples. After cloning the amplified ITS regions, eight discrete ITS paralogs with regularly appearing nucleotide differences could be partitioned, differing in only 6 base pairs. Paralog sequences were detected not only in O. holubyana but also in some populations of the two parent species, suggesting that O. fuciflora and O. bicornis in the Carpatho-Pannonian region are also partially of hybrid origin themselves, or influenced by introgression. The study suggests that nrlTS regions can be generally useful in the study of Ophrys systematics and phylogeography and for analyzing the hybrid zones of related Ophrys species groups.

Ograniczanie wyników

1 Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

1 Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

2 Molnar A. V.

1 Balazs T.

1 Bratek Z.

1 Green A. J.

1 Gulyas G.

1 Illyes Z.

1 Lovas-Kiss A.

1 Rudnoy S.

1 Sonkoly J.

1 Sramko G.

1 Takacs A.

1 Vincze O.

1 2015

1 2005

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Strong potential for endozoochory by waterfowl in a rare, ephemeral wetland plant species, Astragalus contortuplicatus (Fabaceae)

Nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS paralogs as evidence of recennt interspecific hybridization in the genus Ophrys [Orchidaceae]