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The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of the occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes in food of animal origin in the Opole region in 2008-2010. Three types of food of animal origin were examined during the study: raw meat ready for direct consumption, heat-treated meat, and dairy products. All products came from production plants. In total, 1945 samples of meat and 634 samples of dairy products were examined. Studies were conducted in accordance with official standards [PN_EN ISO 11290-1:1999]. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated with different frequency from food of animal origin throughout the research period. The highest contamination (70-80%) was found in 2008-2009 in raw meat products ready for direct consumption. Listeria was isolated from samples taken in June and November (80%) 2008 and in May (100%) 2009. Significantly lower levels of contamination (4%) were found in heat-treated meat products. Listeria was mostly isolated from samples taken in August (20%) and December (15.40%) 2008, in February (12.50%) 2009 and in August (20%) and November (25%) 2010. It was never detected in heat-treated meat products in March, April and May, regardless of the year. In dairy products, L. monocytogenes was found only in 2009, in 2.32% of the samples tested in April and in 25% of the samples tested in December. The hygiene of raw meat production improved considerably in 2010, since Listeria was found only in 13% of products. In 2010, dairy products were free of L. monocytogenes.
The total usefulness of the nested PCR method in the detection of infections of cattle with BLV has been confirmed. The efficiency of DNA amplification of BLV with the PCR method was studied in 162 cows from 2 farms. These investigations were conducted by the classic (standard) PCR method with ZM2/ZM3 exterior primers and by the nested PCR method with ZM4/ZM5 interior primers. The DNA product amplification of the first primers was 340 pb, while second primers - 218 pb. The control of genetic material of BLV showed 58 (58.5%) positive results by the standard PCR and 87 (87.8%) positive results by the nested PCR, in 99 cows of the L farm with 54 of ELISA positive results. A number of positive results with standard PCR was 33 (52.3%) and 60 (95.2%) with nested PCR method in the P farm, where the sorological control showed 100% ELISA positive results. It should be stressed that among 45 of ELISA negative results, 9 (20%) positive results with standard PCR and 32 (71.1%) with nested PCR method were demonstrated. These results have underlined the high usefulness of nested PCR method and of using the whole blood of infected cows in the control of BLV infection.
The investigation of proviral DNA by the use of the nested-PCR revealed three Times more positive results than the detection of antibodies by ELISA. Examination of DNA isolated from the whole blood of cattle with the starters ZM2, ZM3 and ZM4, ZM5 of env gene of BLV showed 100% positive results on the farm G and 63.3% on the farm K. All the 15 negative results in ELISA proved to be positive by nested-PCR. The amplification product from the cattle DNA isolated from blood samples was seen as a single band of high intensity corresponding to a product size of 218 pb.
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