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In recent decades new neuroimaging techniques, especially positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance, have enabled us to identify attentional brain mechanisms underlying orienting processes. It was found that the posterior parietal lobes disengage attention from its primary focus, then the superior colliculus move the attention index to the expected target location, and finally the pulvinar is involved in reading out data from the target. In the study effects of the time of day on the attention disengagement operation were investigated. The study was performed on 27 young men. Their ages ranged from 19 to 27. The covert attention paradigm to measure location- and object-based attention shifts was used. Saccadic reaction time was measured as an indicator of the disengagement operation. The reaction times were registered in four different experimental conditions, and at three different times of day. The saccades were registered using an infrared corneal reflection recording techniąues with spatial resolution of 5 min. of arc and time accuracy of 10 ms. The eye movement registration system Ober 2-duo was used. Using ANOVA for repeated measures, a strong diurnal effect was found on the efficiency of the attention disengagement operation.
The phenomenon of decrease in performance during the early afternoon hours was observed by researchers as early as the nineteenth century. At first it was thought that the reason was food consumption (thus the term "post-lunch dip”). In the light of the review of research presented in the paper the post-lunch syndrome emerges as a multidimensional mechanism. It has to be stated that the phenomenon is, on the one hand, conditioned by the bi-phase rhythm of sleepiness and, on the other hand, changing balance between the right and the left hemispheres. Still an open-ended question remains if other mechanisms such as fatigue are also responsible for this occurrence.
The article presents the results of a study on the relationship between cultural competence of migrating nurses and their level of burnout. A hundred Polish nurses were subjects of the study. The burnout level was measured using Maslach Burnout Inventory, whereas the level of cultural competence was assessed looking at the length of work experience in the country of migration and the type of life partner (native partner versus Polish partner). An assumption was put forward that native partner and long work experience determine higher level of cultural competence. As a result of analyses carried out it was noticed that the interaction between partner type and length of work experience accounts for 19-24% of variance of burnout.
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