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1

Ecological adaptation strategies in alien species: effects of salinity, temperature and photoperiod on Spartina alterniflora Loisel. seed germination

100%
Yuan Z., Shi F.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2009
|
tom 57
|
nr 4
677-683
Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass), a perennial grass native to the coastal marshes of eastern America, is widely distributed in northern China since 1979 of its introduction. In the tidal marshlands of north China, S. alterniflora has displaced native species and is presently dominant member of the community owing to its opportunistic characteristics. In this study we investigated S. alterniflora seed germination responses to different temperatures, between 5–25ºC in one thermoperiod (16/26ºC) and in two light treatments – 10/14h (night/day) photoperiod and dark conditions. Variations of seed germination at different storage temperatures and storage duration were also examined. In addition, the effect of different salt concentrations on seed germination was evaluated. The optimal temperature for germination was 25ºC and 16/26ºC (night/day) thermo-period – germination percentage was greater than 90%. Light intensity had no influence on the percent of seed germination and germination indices when seeds were exposed to identical temperatures. At 120 d of storage and -5, 0, and 5ºC temperatures, germination percentage exceeded 75%. The optimal salinity level for seed germination was 150 mM NaCl. Germination percentages were highest (> 90%) when salinity did not exceed 450 mM NaCl. The ability of S. alterniflora seeds to germinate under a wide range of temperature and light conditions resulted in continued seedling development under high salinity.
2

Characterization of five CIPK genes expressions in maize under water stress

85%
Tai F., Wang Q., Yuan Z., Yuan Z., Li H., Wang W.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2013
|
tom 35
|
nr 05
ABA, H2O2 and Ca2+ play critical roles as signals in the adaptive responses of plants to water and other stresses. They accumulate in plant cells under water and other stresses and induce changes in stress-related gene expressions. CIPKs, protein kinases associated with a calcineurin B-like calcium sensor, play a role in the regulation of stress gene expression in plants. However, it is still unclear whether ABA and H2O2 are key inducers that regulate the changes in CIPK expressions under water stress. In this study, five stress-inducible CIPKs in maize were retrieved from Database. They were designated as ZmCIPK1, 3, 8, 17 and 18, based on their homologies with known CIPK sequences. The expressions of the five ZmCIPKs in maize leaves and roots were analyzed and found to be regulated by PEG, CaCl2, ABA and H2O2 to different extents. Moreover, the effect of ABA and H2O2 on the expressions of ZmCIPKs under water stress was in an organ-dependent manner.
3

The ecological profit in phenology and pollination of alien species Spartina alterniflora [Loisel] introduced to coastal wetlands in Northern China

71%
Shi F., Yuan Z., He K. S., Li J., Guo S.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2009
|
tom 57
|
nr 2
283-289
For the plant species, effective phenology and pollination syndromes can increase viable seeds which enhance the species to colonize new areas. So the species with a suit of advantageous characteristics inherent in its reproductive ecology is critical to its dispersion. Spartina alterniflora – a perennial grass native to coastal marshes of America was introduced to China in 1979 and now it is distributed in the Tianjin coastal wetlands of northern China. Flowering phenology was examined and indicated that in northern localities, flowering initiated in mid-August and senescence occurred by the end of October. The pollen-ovule ratio was 9875 (±2150). Abundant pollen grains compensated for a lack of pollen viability. Pollen viability was 10% approximately when pollen released 4 hours, but stigma receptivity was above 10% when stigmas exserted 7 hours. Stigmas maintained viability longer than the period of pollen release, ensuring successful pollination. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe stigma surface characters and pollen viability. Further investigation proved stigma adaptations to increase pollen capture and exterior pollen tube growth following pollination was beneficial to fertilization. The results suggested that flowering phenology and pollination traits are vital to pollination and production of viable seed, enabling the species to spread rapidly and succeed in new habitats of northern China.
4

The effect of perfluorooctanoic acid on the planarian Dugesia japonica

71%
Yuan Z., Zhang J., Zhang Y., Zhen H., Sun Y.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2015
|
tom 24
|
nr 2
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has been found to distribute and accumulate widely in the environment. In this study, the acute toxicity, behavioral activity, regeneration, antioxidant enzyme activities, and cell apoptosis effects of PFOA on planarian Dugesia japonica have been investigated. The results show that the mortality is directly proportional to the PFOA concentration, and planarian locomotor velocity (pLMV) is significantly reduced with increasing both the exposure time and PFOA concentration. The recovery of the motility for planarians pre-treated with PFOA is found to be time- and dose-dependent, and all planarians recover their motility completely after 72 hr. The appearance of auricles in regenerating animals is more easily affected by PFOA exposure in comparison to the appearance of eyespot. The SOD activities and CAT activities are changed in the PFOA-exposed planarians. Increasing PFOA exposure time or concentration can cause an obvious increase of apoptosis in the brain, eye, and parenchyma region. The results suggest that PFOA is much more toxic for inducing oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and development toxicity in planarians.
5

Identification of proteins regulated by ABA in response to combined drought and heat stress in maize roots

61%
Liu T., Zhang L., Yuan Z., Hu X., Lu M., Wang W., Wang Y.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2013
|
tom 35
|
nr 02
We adopted a proteomics approach to identify and analyze the differential expression of maize root proteins associated with abscisic acid (ABA) regulation under combined drought and heat stress. Using mass spectrometry, we identified 22 major proteins that were significantly up-regulated under combined drought and heat stress. These 22 proteins were classified into 6 functional categories: disease/defense (8), metabolism (3), cell growth/ division (3), signal transduction (2), transporters (2) and unclassified (4). Our previous reports showed that ABA regulates the expression of several small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) in maize leaves subjected to the combination of drought and heat stress; however, no sHSPs were identified among the root proteins up-regulated in this study. RT-PCR and western blot analyses were used to identify six known sHSPs. The maize roots were pretreated with 100 lM of ABA, and subsequently, the expression of the 22 up-regulated proteins and 6 sHSPs was examined. 11 proteins were up-regulated in an ABA-dependent manner, 13 proteins were up-regulated in an ABA-independent manner, and 4 proteins were up-regulated but inhibited by ABA. The up-regulated proteins are interesting candidates for further physiological and molecular investigations of combination stress tolerance in maize.
6

Removal efficiency and the mineralization mechanism during enhanced bioventing remediation of oil-contaminated soils

61%
Jia J., Zhao S., Hu L., Wang Y., Yao L., Liu Y., Yuan Z.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2016
|
tom 25
|
nr 5
The environmental challenge of crude oil-contaminated soil is difficult to address due to its complicated components and the mechanism of material transformation. In order to study the bioremediation of soil contaminated by crude oil, we designed five simulation test systems: a sterilization system, an oxygenated and water-controlled system, a nitrogen (N)/phosphorus (P) adjusted system, a broth-added system, and a double-broth-added system. The results show that the highest removal of crude oil from soil was increased to 34.23% by regulating the micro-ecological environment after 91 days in a simulation system. Regulating N and P can effectively strengthen the mineralization action of microorganisms on crude oil. Biodegradation had the most effect on the removal of oil, accounting for more than 58% of the total removal. Moreover, mineralization was dominant in biodegradation. Degradation of crude oil components was alkanes-based, accounting for 50 to 80% of total oil removal. By regulating moisture, temperature, oxygen content, N/P levels, and enrichment broth, the half-life of crude oil in a simulation system can be shortened to 182 days.
7

Effects of oxytetracycline on growth and chlorophyll fluorescence in rape (Brassica campestris L.)

61%
Chen Y., Wang Z., Shen Z., Ou Z., Xu D., Yuan Z., Zhou S.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2017
|
tom 26
|
nr 3
This study aims to investigate the effects of oxytetracycline on growth and photosynthetic capacity of rape (Brassica campestris L.). Four levels of oxytetracycline (0, 10, 100, and 200 mg kg⁻¹) were added to the potted soil. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters induced by five levels (90, 190, 420, 820, and 1,500 μmol photons m⁻² s⁻¹) of PAR (PAR, photosynthetically active radiation) were measured. Plant growth indices and leaf traits were also determined. Electron transport rate increased along with the increase of PAR, but an opposite trend was found for the effective quantum yield of PSII. The quantum yield of light-induced non-photochemical fluorescence quenching in higher oxytetracycline treatments (100 and 200 mg kg⁻¹) gradually increased when PAR increased from 90 to 820 μmol photons m⁻² s⁻¹, but then declined under higher PAR gradients. The fractions of quantum yield of non-light-induced non-photochemical fluorescence quenching in PSII were significantly higher in all the oxytetracycline treatments than in the control. Oxytetracycline exposure was also found to alter the energy distribution in the photosynthetic electron transport chain. This study showed that oxytetracycline exposure evidently diminished the photosynthetic capacity of rape, which was further supported by the observations that growth indices and leaf traits were significantly inhibited by oxytetracycline.
8

Characterization of eight CBL genes expressions in maize early seeding development

61%
Wang C., Yuan Z., Li S., Wang W., Xue R., Tai F.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2014
|
tom 36
|
nr 12
Calcium (Ca²⁺) has been firmly established as ubiquitous second messengers functioning in plant growth development and response to environmental conditions. Calcineurin B-like (CBL) proteins, a unique group of calcium sensors, play a key role in plant response to various abiotic stresses. Here, eight ZmCBLs genes were retrieved. In terms of the gene structure, maize CBL gene had greater variability compared with rice and Arabidopsis CBLs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ZmCBL proteins display a close relation to OsCBLs and a little far relation to AtCBLs. Expression analysis indicated that all the eight ZmCBLs expressions were regulated by low potassium and in a tissue-dependent manner. In general, the ZmCBLs expressions in roots were more sensitive under low potassium environment, especially for ZmCBL5, 6 and 8. In leaves, only ZmCBL3, 8 and 10 expressions were upregulated. Moreover, the expression patterns of the ZmCBLs in tissues of germinated seeds and seedlings were also analyzed. The results showed that all the expressions of ZmCBLs were tissue specific except for ZmCBL6, suggesting that they may involve in seed germination and seedlings’ early growth.
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