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This paper proposes a reduction of energy consumption in the implementation of semi-finished components of the planetary gear through the use of foundry technology. The authors compared the calculated amount of sliced material for individual pieces made in technology to bring the full semi-solid and prototype castings. Next presents the selection of materials, development of casting technology parts analyzed, and the various stages of their execution. The final result was semifinished, which, after final machining are to be submitted for testing supplies.
Detection of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) in sheep and goats usually relies on serological testing. In this study, we evaluated semi-nested PCR and nested PCR techniques applied as a diagnostic tool for detection of maedi-visna virus (MVV) and caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) in naturally infected sheep and goats, respectively. The examination of 193 ovine and 85 caprine serum samples by the ELISA revealed the presence of specific antibodies in 133 (69%) and 18 (21.2%) animals, respectively. Presence of proviral DNA was manifested in 103 (53.4%) sheep and 12 (14.2%) goats. Despite the relatively lower sensitivity of PCR, the fact of detection of proviral DNA in 19 out of 60 ovine samples and 7 out of 67 caprine samples collected from animals previously negative by ELISA was noteworthy. In conclusion, the data demonstrated that combinations of both ELISA and PCR might afford optimal detection of SRLVs infection.
The transmission of maedi-visna wirus (MVV) through embryons collected from virus infected ewes and then transferred to uninfected recipients was investigated. Early sheep embryos were isolated from four in vivo-fertilized, MVV infected donors, which were determined to be positive by ELISA and PCR. A total of fifty-two morula and blastocyst stage embryos were washed ten times and transferred (two or three per recipient) to twenty-two serologically negative sheep. Three ewes became pregnant, delivering three live kids out of which one died immediately after delivery. All two kids were then kept over 72-weeks-of-age and neither MVV specific antibodies nor proviral DNA was found in the blood samples collected before colostrum suckling, as well as after 14, 32, 56 and 72-weeks-of-age. Additionally, no active virus particules were found when tested by syncytia formation assay. This study demonstrated that it is possible to obtain transferable stage embryos from donor ewes infected with MVV, in vivo fertilized by infected rams, and that collected embryos are unlikely to transmit MVV infection to the resulting offspring.
In the study, a 122 bp fragment of gag gene encoding immunodominant epitope on capsid protein of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) found in sheep was amplified by PCR and analysed by SSCP and sequencing. Out of 30 DNA samples, five showed different migration patterns, demonstrating the individual variations within gag sequences, which were confirmed afterwards by sequence analysis. In two samples nucleotide changes yielded amino acid substitutions highlighting the conservative nature of gag encoded immunoreactive epitope but also potencial insensitivity of a single-strain-based immunoassay.
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