Algae as pioneer organisms are important in extreme environments. We isolated several green algae (Chlorophyta) from Zn/Pband Cu-enriched ground samples of post-flotation tailing ponds, containing 17200–18400 mg Zn kg⁻¹, 3017–6566 mg Pb kg⁻¹ or 1420 mg Cu kg⁻¹. The algae with different morphologies belonged to following classes: Chlorophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae. Their Zn-, Pb- and Cu- resistance in comparison with soil green algae (Chlorophyceae) isolated from the unpolluted control soil was evaluated under laboratory conditions on the basis of 96h-EC₅₀ (effective metal concentration which causes 50% inhibition of algal growth after 96 h exposure). Among isolated algae Dictyococcus cf. varians Gerneck em. Starr from the Zn/Pb-tailing pond was highly resistant both to lead (EC₅₀ 48 μM) and zinc (EC₅₀ 126 μM), but sensitive to copper (EC₅₀ 2 μM). Stichococcus minor Nägeli and Chlamydomonas boldii Ettl from the Cu-tailing pond were resistant to copper (EC₅₀ 17.8 μM and 10 μM, respectively). Simultaneously, S. minor revealed co-resistance to Zn (EC₅₀ 251 μM), while C. boldii to Pb (EC₅₀ 38.9 μM). Geminella terricola J.B. Petersen (Chlorophyceae), isolated from the unpolluted control soil, revealed high sensitivity to the three metals (Zn-EC₅₀ 44.6 μM; Pb-EC₅₀ 10.2 μM and Cu-EC₅₀ 6.4 μM). Simultaneously, G. terricola accumulated intracellularly higher amounts of Zn (7.1 amol μm⁻³) and Cu (5.5 amol μm⁻³) than all the algae from the polluted ground samples (Zn: 1.2–6.4 amol μm⁻³ and Cu: 0.4–2.7 amol μm⁻³). It also accumulated high amounts of Pb (6.0 amol μm⁻³), but two-fold lower than D. cf. varians. Using cytochemical staining of metals dark pink Pb-rhodizonate complexes were detected in thick cell walls of the Pb/Zn-resistant D. cf. varians and in thick mucilage layers of the Cu/Pb-resistant C. boldii. However, in the Pb-sensitive S. minor Pb-complexes were detected inside deformed cells. Pink-orange Zn-dithizone complexes were mainly distributed inside the cells of the Zn-resistant D. cf. varians. The results obtained suggest that thick cell walls or envelopes may be partly responsible for the higher Pb-resistance of some studied algae. However, in the case of micro-nutrients like Zn or Cu other resistance mechanisms (biochemical / physiological) may be involved. It seems that algal species or ecotypes living in the grounds of metal post-flotation tailing ponds have been adapted to heavy metals present in their habitats and may be useful for remediation of such degraded environments.
W pracy wyznaczono parametry reologiczne klarownych soków aroniowego i jabłkowego o stężeniu pomiędzy 10° a 70° Bx w za¬kresie temperatury od 10° d° 60°C. Badane soki były cieczami niutonowskimi a ich lepkość malała ze wzrostem temperatury i wzrastała ze -wzrostem stężenia. Energia aktywacji przepływu lepkiego Ea dla soku aroniowego przyjmowała niższe -wartości niż dla soku jabłkowego, a jej -wartość była funkcją stężenia badanego soku i można było ją opisać równaniem -wielomianu trzeciego stopnia lub wykładniczym. Zastosowane, znane z literatury modele matematyczne opisujące równoczesny wpływ temperatury i stężenia na -wartość -współczynnika lepkości, nie dały zadowalających -wyników zgodności z danymi eksperymentalnymi.
The objective of the investigations was to establish the effects of brow coal administration (in doses or without limits) as well as extracted humis acids on rearing and some haematological parameters in piglets. The best results of rearing and haematological indices were obtained in the group of piglets of a free access to brown coal. Humic acids extracted from brown coal turned to be biologically active and had a good effect on piglet’s rearing. Enriched with iron salts they can be an efficient agent preventing anaemia and stimulating growth. Humic acids have bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties.