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Studies were conducted on a field of soybean monoculture at Czesławice near Nałęczów in the years 2002–2004. The object of the studies were soybean plants ‘Polan’ cv. and chitosan. A water solution of chitosan micro-gel at the concentration of 0.1% was used for studies. The studies tested the effect of this compound on the inhibition of soybean diseases caused by soil-borne pathogenic fungi. The solution of chitosan was used a few times, i.e. for seed dressing, seedling spraying, plant spraying at anthesis and in mixed combinations. During the experiment field observations were conducted in particular developmental stages when the number and healthiness of plants were established. Infected plants were submitted to mycological analysis. Results from the field observations and mycological analyses showed that chitosan used in a mixed combination (for seed dressing + seedling spraying + plant spraying at anthesis) was the most effective in protecting soybean from the infection of soil-borne pathogenic fungi. In those combinations the best density of soybean seedlings and plants at anthesis was obtained. The mycological analysis of infected parts of soybean seedlings and plants at anthesis showed that chitosan proved effective in inhibiting the infection of soybean plants from fungi from the genera of Fusarium, Pythium, Phomopsis and Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Rhizoctonia solani.
The experiment was conducted in the years 1999–2001. The object of the studies was the rhizosphere soil of soybean ‘Polan’ cv., and 0.1% chitosan. This compound was used once (seed dressing), twice (seed dressing and seedling spraying), three times (seed dressing, seedling spraying and plant spraying at anthesis). The experiment also considered a control combination, i.e. without chitosan. The purpose of the studies was to determine the effect of chitosan on the qualitative and quantitative composition of microorganisms in rhizosphere soil with antagonists distinguished. The microbiological analysis of samples of soybean rhizosphere soil taken from particular experimental combinations pointed to different numbers of bacteria and fungi. The greatest total number of bacteria colonies and the smallest number of fungi colonies were characteristic of the rhizosphere soil of soybean after using chitosan three times. This sample of soil contained the greatest number of bacteria and fungi with antagonistic effect towards plant pathogens.
The studies were conducted in the years 2000–2002 at the Experimental Station of Czesławice near Nałęczów on a field of monocultures of runner bean and soybean. The subject of the studies was the rhizosphere soil of these plant species. The experiment of each plant included 2 combinations, i.e. with dressing the seeds with Zaprawa Oxafun T and without dressing the seeds (control). Results of the microbiological analysis of the rhizosphere soil of runner bean and soybean showed that the plants grown of the seeds dressed with Zaprawa Oxafun T always gave a greater number of bacteria colonies, Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. but a smaller number of fungi colonies than in the control combination. In comparison to the rhizosphere soil of soybean, the rhizosphere soil of runner bean contained much more bacteria and a much lower number of fungi colonies. Among the obtained saprotrophic macroorganisms, a more numerous group of antagonistic bacteria and fungi was achieved from the rhizosphere soil of runner bean than from the rhizosphere soil of soybean. Whatever the plant species, considerably more antagonistic bacteria and fungi occurred in the combination with Zaprawa Oxafun T as compared to the control. The plant species as well as the introduction of Zaprawa Oxafun T into the soil together with the seeds had a considerable influence on the quantitative and qualitative composition of the populations of soil microorganisms.
Studies were conducted in 2005–2007 on an existing field plantation of American ginseng in Krasnystaw (Lubelski region). The object of the studies was the soil from the American ginseng cultivation where two kinds of mulch were used, i.e. oat straw and mineral mulch Agran. Microbiological analysis of the soil of particular experimental combinations showed differentiated populations of microorganisms. On average, the most colony-forming units (CFU) of bacteria in total were obtained from the soil taken from ginseng cultivation after using mineral mulch as compared to the combination with oat straw. Similar results of CFU were obtained in the case of Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. On the other hand, the most CFU of fungi were isolated from the soil samples taken from the combination after the use of oat straw. The most frequently isolated fungi regarded as pathogenic to ginseng plants were: Fusarium spp., Cylindrocarpon spp., Phytophtora sp., Pythium irregulare, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Altenaria alternata.
The objective of the paper was to determine the effectiveness of post-culture liquids of Bacillus sp. Bsch 19 and Pseudomonas sp. Psch 16 in the protection of soybean from soil-borne fungi. The use of post-culture liquids of those bacteria in seed dressing positively affected the number, healthiness and yielding of soybean plants. The plants were mainly infected by Fusarium spp., Phoma exigua var. exigita, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Those fungi were isolated much more rarely from the plants in combinations with the use of post-culture liquids of antagonistic bacteria as compared with the plants from the control combination, i.e. without seed dressing. A reverse relation was found for the occurrence of saprophytic fungi from the genera of Gliocladium, Penicillium and Trichoderma.
The objective of the paper was to establish the protective effect of post-culture liquids of Trichoderma harzianum G 227 and Gliocladium fimbriatum G 156 for soybean against the soil-borne fungi. The use of those liquids for studies had a positive effect on the number, healthiness and yielding of soybean plants. Soybean seedlings were mainly infected by Pythium irregulare, Fusarium spp. and Rhizoctonia solani, while plants at anthesis were affected by Fusarium spp., Phoma exigua var. exigua, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The use of post-culture liquids reduced the infection of plants by these pathogens.
The aim of research was to determine the protective effect of the microbiological material Trichoderma harzianum G 220 and Gliocladium fimbriatum S 151 and their post-culture liquids against soil-borne pathogenic fungi. The use of biological control improved the emergences, healthiness of pea plants and their yielding. Despite using the microbiological material for seed dressing, pea plants were infected by Altenaria alternata, Ascochyta pisi, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi, Fusarium solani, Phoma exigua, Pythium irregulare, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
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