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The bulk commodity, different with the retail goods, has a uniqueness in the location selection, the chosen of transportation program and the decision objectives. How to make optimal decisions in the facility location, requirement distribution, shipping methods and the route selection and establish an effective distribution system to reduce the cost has become a burning issue for the e-commerce logistics, which is worthy to be deeply and systematically solved. In this paper, Logistics warehousing center model and precision marketing strategy optimization based on fuzzy method and neural network model is proposed to solve this problem. In addition, we have designed principles of the fuzzy method and neural network model to solve the proposed model because of its complexity. Finally, we have solved numerous examples to compare the results of lingo and Matlab, we use Matlab and lingo just to check the result and to illustrate the numerical example, we can find from the result, the multi-objective model increases logistics costs and improves the efficiency of distribution time
Antibiotic contamination of water has become a problem that cannot be ignored. However, existing water treatment technologies at home and abroad couldn’t remove the antibiotics efficiently in the water environment. Our study investigated the adsorption of ceftazidime in aqueous solutions by multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and examined the impact of such factors as pH value, ion strength, and concentration of organic matter on the adsorption process. The results showed that, when the dosage of MWCNTs was 1.6 g/L and the initial concentration of ceftazidime was 30 mg/L, the removal rate of the ceftazidime came up to 80-90%. The pH value of solution, the ion strength, and organic concentrations showed minimal or negligible impacts. The Freundlich isotherm fit the adsorption well. Kinetic analysis was conducted using models. The regression results showed that the adsorption kinetics were accurately represented by the pseudo-second order model (R²>0.99). Based on the pseudo-second order model, the equilibrium adsorption capacity of MWCNTs was 14.79 mg/g.
To understand the physiological response under salt stress, photosynthesis, PSII efficiency, contents of ions and free amino acids in leaves of Caragana korshinskii Kom (Caragana) exposed to three levels of salinity were investigated. Results showed that the decrease in photosynthesis of Caragana with salt stress was largely dependent on stomatal closure during the experimental period. In the early period of stress, due to the dissipation of excess excitation energy which occurred by the increase in nonphotochemical quenching, photodamage was avoided and maximum efficiency of PSII was not affected. However, with increased salt stress, the photoprotective mechanism was not sufficient to avoid oxidative damage. Thus, damage to PSII and its resulting non-stomatal inhibition of photosynthesis may occur. At 18 days with 300 mM NaCl treatment, a non-stomatal factor was responsible for the inhibition of photosynthesis. Accumulation of Na⁺ and K⁺ in leaves indicated no competition between Na⁺ and K⁺ absorption, which suggests the potential for a unique pathway of Na⁺ absorption in Caragana. There was a critical salinity level for the accumulation of free amino acids in salt-treated leaves of Caragana, i.e., free amino acids accumulated slowly below critical level, but rapidly above the critical level. In addition, proline was the most abundant among all individual free amino acids.
The ability of purified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to adsorb diclofenac and triclosan in aqueous solutions was examined by equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic parameters. The results of SEM image, BET specific surface area, XRD, TGA, and FTIR spectra indicated that the characteristics of MWCNTs were improved after purification with nitric acid. Batch experiments illustrated that the removal efficiency of diclofenac and triclosan depended mostly on the MWCNTs dosage, temperature, ion concentration, pH, and initial concentration. The maximum adsorption capacity for diclofenac and triclosan under optimum conditions was 19.9 mg g⁻¹ and 19.7 mg g⁻¹, respectively. The equilibrium data showed that adsorption behavior of diclofenac and triclosan could be described more reasonably by the pseudosecond-order model. Thermodynamic simulation showed that the adsorption was fitted with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm, and the thermodynamic parameters revealed the process to be exothermic and spontaneous. In addition, the adsorption behavior of MWCNTs in the binary solution was successfully predicted using the ideal adsorbed solution theory. Finally, the adsorption mechanism was discussed.
We have established a shoot regeneration system and genetic transformation of cockscomb (Celosia cristata and Celosia plumosus). The best results in terms of frequency of shoot regeneration and number of shoot buds per explant are observed on media supplemented with 0.5 mg l⁻¹ 6-BA (for explants of apical meristems of C. cristata) or 2.0 mg l⁻¹ 6-BA, 0.5 mg l⁻¹ NAA and 0.5 mg l⁻¹ IAA (for hypocotyls explants of C. plumosus). We use apical meristems of C. cristata and hypocotyls of C. plumosus as the starting material for transformation. A novel KNOTTED1-like homeobox1 (KNOX), PttKN1 (Populus tremula × P. tremuoides knotted1) isolated from the vascular cambial region of hybrid aspen, is introduced into cockscomb by Agrobacterium. A series of novel phenotypes are obtained from the transgenic cockscomb plants, including lobed or rumpled leaves, partite leaves and two or three leaves developed on the same petiole, on the basis of their leaf phenotypes. Transformants are selected by different concentrations of kanamycin. Transformants are confirmed by PCR of the NptII gene and PCR or RT-PCR of PttKN1 gene. Furthermore, RT-PCR shows that 35S:: PttKN1 RNA levels do not correlate with phenotypic severity. It is discussed that our results bring elements on possible function of PttKN1 gene. To our knowledge, genetic transformation of cockscomb is first reported.
Wild and cultivated varieties of Camellia oleifera Abel. were studied for the response of their photosynthetic apparatus to Al toxicity and low-P stress in pot experiments with medium of acidic red soil. The effect was measured using physiological processes (growth, photosynthesis, chlorophyll a fluorescence), and pigment contents. The results showed that Al toxicity and low-P stress affected the seedlings’ growth and leaves’ photosynthesis, and the differences could be found between the two varieties. Lime plus P fertilizer treatment led to higher increase in the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in the cultivar than in the wild variety. Pn increase was positively related to the increase of stomatal conductance (gs) and negatively correlated to intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci) in both varieties. The maximum PSII quantum yield (Fv/Fm), the efficiency of excitation energy capture by open PSII reaction centers (Fv’/Fm’), the photochemical quenching (qP) and the efficiency of open PSII centers (ΦPSII) significantly increased almost in all the treatment groups of both varieties, with the exception of an insignificant change in qP value for P₁Al₁ group of cultivar. The insensitive qP and lower Pn for cultivar indicate a higher photosynthetic efficiency for the wild variety, though the ΦPSII was not significant between the two varieties. The pigment contents of oil tea seedlings under treatments changed significantly when lime and P were added, especially the Car/Chl ratio, suggesting carotenoid plays the role of photoprotection under high-Al and low-P stresses.
The capacity of plants to occupy different habitats is made possible by the plastic responses of their presenting in heterogeneous habitats. Light directly influences the plastic responses of plant architectural traits. We measured five years-old saplings of Chinese cork oak growing in different light intensity habitats (forest edge, forest gap and understory). A suite of architectural and leaf morphological attributes indicated a pronounced ability of Chinese cork oak to adapt to shade. Under low light intensity habitats, Chinese cork oak had a significant tendency to invest more in crown growth, characterized by the highest crown area, the lowest crown length ratio and the largest angle of the inclination of the main stem to the vertical. It expressed marked plagiotropic growth in shade indicating a horizontal light-foraging strategy. In addition, Chinese cork oak significantly exhibited the highest specific leaf area and the lowest total leaf area under low light intensity habitats. In shade, they showed some plasticity in displaying most of their leaf area at the top of the crown to minimize self-shading and to enhance light interception. This differentiation can be defined as a plastic phenomenon, likely related to the higher efficiency of light interception and absorption by saplings.
A common solid waste – corrugated-paper packaging boxes – was carbonized at 300, 450, and 600ºC to develop low-cost adsorbents (biochars). The resulting adsorbents were characterized and their adsorption performances were evaluated by the batch sorption of aqueous Pb(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and methylene blue (MB). The biochar obtained at 600ºC exhibited larger specific surface area, higher mineral contents, and pH of zero point charge (pHPZC). Calcium carbonate, lead carbonate/basic, and zinc carbonate were observed in the metal-sorbed biochars by a power X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The biochar of higher pyrolysis temperature (600ºC) had high sorption capacity of aqueous Pb(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) with the Langmuir maximum sorption capacity of 458, 146, and 10.7 mg g⁻¹, respectively. The pseudo-second-order model gave a better fit for the kinetic data of Pb(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and MB onto the biochar (600ºC). Moreover, the electrostatic attraction was the dominant mechanism for adsorption of MB while precipitation could be the main mechanisms for adsorption of Pb(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II). Therefore, carbonization can be an efficient and value-addition method for the recycling of waste corrugated paper packaging boxes and for the low-cost wastewater treatment.
Peanut hull powders were chemically modified using mercaptoacetic acid to develop a convenient, lowcost, and highly efficient adsorbent for the removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions. A pseudo-second-order rate equation fitted the kinetic data better than a pseudo-first-order rate equation did for both the raw and the mercapto-modified peanut hull powder. The equilibrium data for both the raw and the mercapto-modified peanut hull powder fitted well with the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models. Mercapto-modification improved the adsorption capacity of Hg(II) onto peanut hull powder. Fourier-transform infrared spectra revealed that mercapto groups, together with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, were the main function groups of Hg(II) biosorption onto chemical-modified peanut hull powder.
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