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Wirusy zboz przenoszone przez nasiona

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A general description of seed-transmitted viruses is followed by characterization of six seed-transmitted cereal viruses. The best known representative member of this group is Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV). It is noteworthy that among the other seed-transmitted viruses infecting cereals there is a strain of Soil-borne mosaic virus (SBWMV) widely spread in Poland and tentatively named the Polish strain of SBWMV (SBWMV-P).
Soil-borne viruses, belonging to the genera Furovirus and Bymovirus, are serious pathogens of winter cereals, transmitted by rootinhabiting fungal-like plasmodiophorid Polymyxa graminis. The vector is widely spread through in Asia, North America and Europe. In Europe there are two main cereal diseases caused by soil-borne viruses: barley yellow mosaic and soil-borne cereal mosaic. Plant protection against this kind of viruses is based exclusively on the cultivation of resistant or tolerant cultivars, as chemical control remains ineffective regarding the biological properties of the vector and unacceptable from the ecological point of view. Symptoms of barley yellow mosaic are caused by two closely related viruses: Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV), which infect only winter barley. Genetic studies led to the identification of sixteen genes carrying the resistance feature to the barley yellow mosaic viruses in barley. Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus (SBCMV), the causal agent of soil-borne cereal mosaic, can infect different cereal species, including wheat, triticale, rye and barley. Investigations on the resistance of wheat to SBCMV revealed that diverse mechanisms are involved in the reaction of plants and final effect of infection is dependent on many factors including climatic conditions.
Barley yellow mosaic is a serious winter barley disease caused by two viruses: Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV). The viruses are called “soil‐borne” as they are transmitted by a root‐inhabiting fungal‐like plasmodiophorid vector, Polymyxa graminis Led. The analysis of the disease incidence in 2008 (the highest) and 2011 (the lowest) revealed that the disease symptom expression was significantly influenced by the weather conditions, mainly temperature and rainfall. The reaction of 20 winter barley cultivars on the BaYMV infection was investigated. The first results indicated a good level of resistance within the tested plant materials.
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