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The meat of deer is widely held as a healthy food because of its several nutritional characteristics attractive to consumers. However, the nutritional qualities of venison are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Furthermore, consumers are increasingly concerned about animal welfare and the environmental aspects of animal production systems. Dear meat has high protein and low fat contents, a favourable fat composition (it is richer in long-chain n-3 PUFAs and poorer in MUFAs and SFAs), and high levels of minerals, especially a highly bioavailable form of heam iron. Less information is available on numerous other compounds in venison that are not generally recognized as nutrients, but have been reported to possess bioactive properties under certain conditions. Food ingredients identified as bioactive have a proven beneficial effect on the health and well-being of consumers beyond the normal nutritional properties. Their action has a selective and positive effect on specific functions of the human body, including the prevention and treatment of diseases. Examples of such compounds in meat include antioxidants such as vitamin E homologues (tocochromanols), coenzyme Q10, taurine, carnosine, anserine, and isomers of CLA (particularly rumenic acid). All these qualities of venison are in great demand by today’s discerning meat consumer, and make it a healthy alternative to traditional red meat, such as beef or mutton.
The paper shows that rational management of game populations is a set of breeding practices. These mainly involve creation of appropriate conditions that will be most beneficial for normal development and reproduction of animals. However, game breeding is considerably more difficult and hunters face problems that differ from those encountered by breeders of domesticated animals. This part is focused on hunting work that can determine and primarily improve the ontogenic quality of animals. Unlike in livestock breeding, the size of the home range and living conditions of game animals can be improved by enrichment of the feed and shelter base, regulation of the population size by culling weak/diseased individuals, and minimization of stress factors. The results confirming the impact of the hunting and breeding treatments are illustrated in a population of roe deer.
The present research is unique. Its purpose was to prove the suitability of X-ray techniques for diagnosis of pathological changes of wild ruminant skeletons. The most interesting cases were chosen, among which two had very similar changes visible in the submaxilla area. The macroscopic examination did not allow for a closer estimation of the character changes. The X-ray examination revealed a wide range of radiological symptoms by means of which the final diagnosis could be made. Cystis folicularis, despite great similarity of changes, clearly differed on X-ray pictures from the overgrowth of shank bone tissue caused by osteoblastic stimulation of bone tissue injury background. The third case showed typical radiological symptoms of the inflammatory state (ostitis), infection background, as well as a possibility of differential diagnosis.
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