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Agility competition is a discipline of canine sports in which dogs complete the obstacle course in specific order racing against the clock. The aim of this study was to estimate the impact of applied manual therapy techniques on the movement parameters of dogs. The movement of the dogs was characterised on the basis of 5 parameters, i.e.: walk, trot, gallop, flexibility and mobility and was assessed with the use of quality point scale. The study covered the assessment of movement parameters of 36 dogs, in canine discipline – agility, during two sporting seasons. The animals were assessed in categories: Small, Medium, Large. Assessment of parameters was carried out before the beginning of sporting dog competition and again after the end of three-month season of competitions. In the following year there were animal physiotherapy manual treatments implemented. Treatments included passive and active exercises, so called mobilizations, massages, thermal therapy, vibration training and sensomotoric exercises. In Small, Medium and Large category the highest average point values were attributed to walk feature, whereas the lowest values were attributed to trot. Dogs whose height at the withers was up to 35 cm were characterized by proper traction of movement in gait, correct dynamics of take-off while jumping and were given high marks for completing slalom obstacle. The lowest average value for flexibility feature was recorded for dogs in Large category. Manual therapy techniques applied systematically reinforce dog’s anatomical structures of skeletal system, reduce muscle tension and increase the intensity of metabolism
Wiosenne migracje płazów i gadów mogą skończyć się dla nich tra- gicznie, gdy zwierzęta przekraczające drogę giną pod kołami samo- chodów. Z rozwojem infrastruktury drogowej następuje fragmentacja siedlisk, prowadząca do powstania barier przestrzennych dla migrujących zwierząt. W celu zachowania ciągłości siedlisk, szlaków migracyjnych i korytarzy dyspersyjnych budowane są dla płazów, wykorzystywane także przez gady, przejścia różnego typu, które umożliwiają pokonanie bariery, jaką stanowi ruchliwa droga, i znacznie ograniczają śmiertelność herpetofauny.
Annually, hunters shoot millions of birds with lead ammunition. Many studies indicate diverse and often very high lead levels in the edible parts of game. Considering the number of hunters, the determined levels may pose a public health risk. Shotgun pellets are the main source of lead contamination of game animal tissues. Despite numerous studies indicating lead contamination in game birds, no significant reasons for diverse contamination of tissues with this toxic metal have been reported. The personal analysis presented in this paper suggests that the explanation for diverse levels of contamination of game animal tissues should be sought in physical phenomena generated by a projectile in damaged animal tissues. The projectile penetrating a target generates a multi-phase medium from destroyed tissues and simultaneously changes the shape of its front part. This movement of projectile is an example of a turbulent flow. The interpretation of the interaction between a projectile and damaged tissues indicate that the variable and unpredictable parameters of a projectile for each shot and the medium created by a projectile make it, impossible to determine, the degree of this interaction. The phenomenon of a temporary cavity created by a shot seems to determine the magnitude of lead transfer into tissues surrounding the path of a wound. Fluid mechanics also explains the relatively high lead levels in game birds in comparison with the levels determined in big game animals. In view of the unpredictability of projectile-animal body interactions, it should be assumed that game bird shot with lead pellets contains the lead levels dangerous to human health. Therefore, the use of lead pellets for bird shooting should be banned.
The study pertained to a group of 25 warm-blooded horses, used for recreational purposes within the Kujavian-Pomerania Province for a period of 6 months. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of selected feed additives a quality of movement of the working horses’. Throughout the experiment the horses were fed livestock feed (i.e. oats, barley and hay) twice a day. For a period of 180 days the horses’ diet included supplements with set values of selected ingredients: calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), selenium (Se), vitamin C, vitamin A, lysine and biotin. A quality of movement of the animals was determined by testing the quality of movement and hematological parameters. The animals were assessed three times: before supplementation was commenced, during the 3ed month of supplementation and after 180 days of supplementation. The tests show that feed supplements had a beneficial effect on the condition of horses undergoing intensive workouts.
The aim of the performed investigation was to determine the level of hyperactivity and bad behavior of selected dog breeds. The numbers of the analyzed animals were as follows: in total 471 individuals (items), including 400 pedigree dogs qualified to a particular group according to FCI and 71 crossbreed dogs. The observations were carried out in a dog owner’s house or neutral places (parks, forest glades, veterinary clinics). According to “bad behavior” (category A), the greatest aggression towards humans was observed within the dogs from groups I and II (37.4% and 40.9%, respectively). The dominating breeds were: German Shepherd, Rottweiler, Staffordshire Bull Terrier (medium and large breeds). In category B – the highest hyperactivity was observed in the dogs from group I, group II and group VIII. In category C – the greatest problems according to hyperactivity were spotted for small breeds, for example: Dachshund, which was characterized by intense barking and howling, and defecation in the house. Further breeds to be mentioned for hyperactivity are: Cavalier King Charles spaniel and Yorkshire Terrier. The smallest number of problems was caused by big breeds (within the range of 1.8-2.6% of the investigated population). It was confirmed that the most common disorders in the population of medium and large dogs were in the following order: aggression towards humans, aggression towards other dogs and pulling the leash; however, small dogs showed the greatest hyperactivity.
The most popular rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) production technologies include both an extensive method with the flow through system (FTS) and an intensive method with the recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Their impact on the fish was evaluated with a morphological assessment of the gills, as these are organs susceptible to environmental changes. Trout of 350 – 500 g body mass were caught for trial in spring and autumn, with 36 fish originating from 3 fish farms with the FTS system and an equal number from 3 RAS fish farms (n = 6). The fish were macroscopically examined and the gills were investigated microscopically (haematoxylin and eosin staining). Hypertrophy and hyperplasia were most commonly detected, amounting to 89% of all structural abnormalities. These lesions were slightly more common in the FTS, especially in autumn, whereas the changes to the blood vessels in the gills were observed more frequently in the rainbow trout from the RAS system than in the fish obtained from the FTS technology (the difference was statistically significant). The morphological lesions in the mucous cells of the gills were detected at a comparable severity regardless of the technology or production season. The predominantly low values of the histopathologic indices, which described the microscopic lesions in the gills of fish from the FTS and RAS systems, showed that the examined organ was most often free of lesions or demonstrated only minor morphological damage regardless of the production technology.
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