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Concentration and electrophoretic pattern of nonhistone chromosomal proteins (NHCP) in cancer and normal endometrium were examined. In normal tissues the NHCP/DNA ratio ranged from 0.6 to 0.8 whereas in malignant tissues from 1.2 to 1.7. Mean nuclear concentration of NHCP was 14.16 pg/cell nucleus of normal endometrium and 33.35 pg/cell nucleus of cancer tissue. The two tissues differed in the electrophoretic pattern. Heavy fractions (>60 kDa — 36%) predominated in normal tissue whereas light fractions (< 30 kDa — 48%) in malignant tissue samples. The percentage of intermediate fractions (30-60 kDa) was similar. Neoplastic endometrium shows, irrespective of the patient's age, a high NHCP content. It seems that NHCP, especially the fraction extracted with 0.35 M NaCl, because of its tissue and cell specificity are involved in neoplasm formation.
ras-encoded p21 protein expression was investigated immunohistochemically in 10 specimens of human endometrial adenocarcinoma. The control group consisted of 5 proliferative endometrium slides. The analysis was performed by using the biotin-streptavidin-peroxidase AEC detection system. An immunohistochemical histologic H- score according to Nyholm et al. [1] was calculated in a semiquantitative fashion incorporating intensity and distribution of staining. Adenocarcinoma glandular cells stained positively in 6 out of 10 specimens (n=6; H-score 0.71; range 0.3-1.15), whereas adenocarcinoma stromal cells exhibited a reddish-brown color in all specimens analyzed (n=10; H-score 0.83; range 0.3-1.5). Only one out of 5 proliferative endometrium slides stained positively for ras p21 (H-score 0.3). Our observations suggest that in human endometrial adenocarcinomas not only glandular but also stromal cells reacted strongly with monoclonal antibody NCC-RAS-001 raised against ras p21 protein. Enhanced ras p21 expression adenocarcinoma stromal cells in comparison with adenocarcinoma glandular cells may suggest that stromal cells are involved strongly in the neoplasm formation.
This review describes the structure of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene with expressed proteins and their possible tissue interactions. The functions of APC in animals and humans are discussed. The mutational spectrum with clinical impact on colon pathology and gynaecological pathology similarities are presented, along with a discussion of a highly sensitive molecular biology test.
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