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The paper presents two examples of population, where preserving the genetic variability plays very important role. One of those population is European bison - endangered species which passed serious bottleneck. The second is Japanese quail herd bred as closed population for many generation. Based on those examples the practical aspects of breeding strategy were discussed. As a results of breeding strategy the level of inbreeding was presented as well as the rate of its increasing. The European bison population is divided into two genetic lines and the level of inbreeding is equal to 54% within Lowland line and is lower (ca 30%) within Lowland-Caucasian line. Such high level is a consequence of small numbers of founders. The mating system used in two Japanese quail lines allowed to keep the rate of inbreeding below 1% per generation.
Twenty years of the Lowland European bison Bison bonasus bonasus conservation in captivity. The aim of the work was to track back changes taking place in the Lowland European bison population kept in captivity in years 1995-2015. The material for the study was data from European Bison Pedigree Book, collected from the years 1924-2015. The parameters such as inbreeding coefficient, kinship coefficient, contribution of founder genes and completeness of pedigree information were analyzed as well as the demographic structure of the population. Over the past 20 years, a steady increase in the population size has been observed. The share of different countries in Lowland wisent breeding also changed. The study showed that the accuracy of pedigree information decreased significantly between 1995 and 2015. In 1995 169 from 342 animals living in captivity had full pedigree information. In 2005 it was 76 from 320 animals. Within the population being alive in 2015, only 62 form 577 (10%) of all animals from Lowland line have full pedigree information, that leads to the founders of the population. An increase in the average values of inbreeding coefficient in the population and mean kinship was also observed.
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