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The paper presents the results of the study on fruit and seed morphology and anatomy of some chosen species of Hydrangeaceae. Fruit micromorphology, seed shape and size, seed coat pattern, testa thickness, and endosperm cells were investigated in Hydrangea heteromalla, H. paniculata, Philadelphus californicus, P. delavayi, P. incanus, P. inodorus, P. pubescens var. verrucosus, P. tenuifolius, Deutzia compacta, D. rubens, and D. scabra. Differences of potential taxonomic significance were found in the ornamentation of the fruit and the pistil surface in the Hydrangea species. The examined seeds were characterized by reticulate primary sculpture with different size and shape of the testa cells. The protrusive secondary sculpture was observed on the Hydrangea seeds. The seeds of the Philadelphus species were characterized by the rugate secondary sculpture. The seeds of the Deutzia species had sunken secondary sculpture of different patterns and these differentiations are of systematic importance. The endosperm cell walls were very thin in the Hydrangea and Philadelphus seeds, while they were evenly thick in the Deutzia seeds. That difference may be of systematic importance. The average thickness of the two-layered testa was 3.51–11.50 μm. Its inner and outer layers thickness varied from 2.27–9.25 μm and 1.24–4.05 μm, respectively. Most of the differences were found to be significant.
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The presence of 395 species of vascular flora at four rarely used cemeteries within the Poznań city was confirmed in 2010. Apart from naturally occurring species, cultivated species were noted equally. Among species appearing spontaneously between the graves, species new for the flora of Poland: Chionodoxa forbesii, Ch. luciliae, Puschkinia scilloides, new for the flora of Wielkopolska: Bidens ferulifolius, Hyacinthoides hispanica and new for the flora of Poznań: Erigeron ramosus, Lilium bulbiferum, Pimpinella nigra, Poa subcaerulea, Veronica hederifolia s.s., were recorded. Names of taxa originating from cultivation are underlined.
Cornus mas L., C. officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. and their putative interspecific hybrid specimens were examined in order to describe their morphological, anatomical and genetic differentiation. Petiole length, number of leaf veins, pedicel and bract length, stone size, thickness of pericarp layers, the size and number of locules and the number of cavities were measured. Pedicels and bracts were shown to be significantly longer for C. mas (7.22 and 6.95 mm) and for the putative hybrid (9.11 and 6.61 mm) than for C. officinalis (6.86 and 5.81 mm, respectively). Average values of stone width and thickness, exocarp and mesocarp thickness, the number of cavities in the endocarp obtained for the putative hybrid differed significantly in comparison to C. mas and were similar to C. officinalis. Genotypes of the examined species were evaluated for genetic relationships using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Initial screening of the bulks of C. mas and C. officinalis compared with their putative hybrid using 72 decamer random primers resulted in the identification of 24 primers differentiating both species and their putative hybrid and showing reliable polymorphisms. Among a total of 485 amplified fragments, 89.7% were polymorphic, 18.8% were specific to C. mas individuals, and 18.6% were specific to the individuals of C. officinalis. In obtained profiles of the examined hybrid individual specific products absent in the genotypes of both parents were observed. The phylogenetic tree revealed two separate clusters including C. mas and C. officinalis accessions, respectively. The biggest genetic distance was observed for hybrid specimens, although the hybrid belonged to the C. mas cluster.
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