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The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of equine arteritis virus infections in horses in eastern Poland using the SN assay and the ELISA test. Sera of 442 horses were examined. In the SN assay, antibodies to EAV were detected in 185 samples with a titer range of 1:8 to 1:512. All sera samples examined by the SN test were analyzed again by the ELISA test. In this study positive reactions were observed for 136 out of 442 samples examined. Sera of 10 horses which were negative in the SN assay gave a positive reaction in ELISA. On the other hand, 59 sera negative in the ELISA test were positive in the SN assay with titers of 1:8 or higher. The ELISA test detected 49 seropositive animals less than the SN assay. Statistical analysis of the results of this study shows that the ELISA test, as compared with the SN assay, has a sensitivity of 68.1 % and specificity of 96.1%.
The aim of this paper was to present the first case of otitis externa caused by Chromobacterium violaceum in a dog in Poland. The studies involved a cross-breed dog aged 10 years with symptoms of chronic inflammation of the external auditory meatus. Inflammatory lesions of the external auditory meatus occurred directly after the dog swam in open water. Swabs were collected from the dog’s ears for microbiological and parasitological tests. No parasites capable of causing inflammation of the external auditory meatus were found. From a culture of the inflammatory secretion from the ears on blood agar, a clean culture of violet bacteria was isolated and recognized as Chromobacterium violaceum on the basis of an Api 20 test. Targeted therapy with antibiotics based on the systemic and local use of fluoroquinolones led to a complete resolution of the symptoms within two weeks. On the basis on the results of the clinical and microbiological tests conducted, as well as the effect of treatment, it was concluded that the etiological factor for the inflammation of the external auditory meatus in the dog were Chromobacterium violaceum microbes.
The aim of the study was to present and develop a comprehensive diagnosis of B. bronchiseptica infections in dogs from Lublin Voivodeship and to determine whether these animals were infected with one or multiple genotypes of the bacteria. Thirty-five dogs with bordetellosis confirmed by bacteriological and molecular tests were included in the study. Samples of blood for hematology and biochemistry, as well as bronchial alveolar lavage for cytological and molecular tests, were taken from all animals. Seven dogs showed a decreased hematocrit and a decreased number of red blood cells. In 16 dogs, leukocytosis was found. Increased AST activity, increased ALT activity, elevated serum concentrations of urea, and increased creatinine concentrations were observed in 3, 5, 3, and 3 dogs, respectively. Endoscopy showed inflammation in the trachea and bronchi in 15 dogs. Cytological examination of bronchoalveolar lavages revealed a large number of macrophages (in 18 dogs), lymphocytes (in 8 dogs), and eosinophil granulocytes (in 2 dogs). The genetic material of the bacteria, a fragment of Bordetella spp flaA gene, was detected in nasal and pharyngeal swabs taken from all 35 dogs, and in bronchial alveolar lavage from 17 dogs. A comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the gene showed that the homology between the bacterial isolates obtained in our study was 100%. This suggests the presence of only one B. bronchiseptica genotype in the dog population in Lublin Voivodeship. The sequence similarity of our isolates with sequences available in the gene bank (NCBI PubMed: EU 327790 from China, AJ 012319 from Argentina, L 13034 from the US) was also very high, ranging from 98.2% to 100%. The results of our study indicate that a comprehensive diagnosis of the disease and its constant monitoring are necessary for recognizing the disease, for determining the relationship between the genetic structure of pathogens and the course of the disease, and for studying the immunoprophylaxis of B. bronchiseptica infections in dogs.
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