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Common European ticks, Ixodes ricinus, have been found in forest areas situated within the boundaries of big cities, and in areas changed by anthropogenic pressure. Monitoring I. ricinus, in the areas used by the public for recreation and leisure, makes it possible to assess the risk of infection with the diseases they transmit. The objective of this study was the comparison of the seasonal activity of ticks, I. ricinus, in the afforested areas of the city of Olsztyn and its surroundings. Material and methods. This survey was conducted at sites located in the afforested areas of Olsztyn and within the Warmiński Forest situated about 15 km from Olsztyn. Ticks, I. ricinus, were caught every 10-14 days from April to October 2001 by the commonly applied method of flagging. During each catch, the temperature (T) and relative humidity (%RH) was measured with a thermohygrometer, 1 m above the duff level. Results. The tick population density at the Warmiński Forest site was higher than that at the sites within the city limits (116.8 and 20.5 ticks per 100 m², respectively). Two peaks of tick activity were recorded in this area - the spring peak in June and the autumn peak (much lower) in September. The activity of ticks in the afforested area within the city limits was much lower - only one (spring) peak occurred, which at most sites was observed in June. At all sites, included in the study, the peak activity of ticks was observed in April. Conclusion. The study suggests that the afforested areas outside the city are more dangerous to people than the area within the city because of the large number of ticks there.
The studies were carried out on guinea pig males weighting about 280 g. The animals were infected with 5000 or 20000 invasive eggs of Ascaris suum. On the 3-rd, 7-th, 10-th and 14-th day of invasion the animals were dissected. Lungs were weighted, and the number of Ascaris larvaes was estimated using Baermann method. The activity of alpha-amylase (Fennel's method) and trypsin (Anson's method) were examined in pancreas homogenate. The infection of guinea pigs with A. suum larvaes resulted in a decrease of amylase and trypsin activity in parcreas. The activities were the lowest at the 3-rd day of invasion for amylase and at the 7-th day for trypsin. The results obtained for the animals infected 5 or 20000 invasie eggs A. suum did not differ statically.
Hybrid chickens Astra S fed vitamin A deficiency diet containing 11 or 19% protein were infected with 500 invasive eggs of Ascaridia galli. One part of them received vitamin A in a dose corresponding to daily requirement, other part in double dose. After 7 weeks the extensity and intensity of ascaridiosis were determined. In pancreas and intestinal contents the activities of alpha-amylase, lipase and trypsin were measured. The invasion index was the highest in the group of chickens fed the protein and vitamin A deficiency diet. Vitamin A in a requirement dose lowered the parasite index. The results with double dose of vitamin A were worse in comparison with single dose. The activities of digestive enzymes were lower in infected animals than in the control groups. Vitamin A acted as moderator of the enzymatic changes during ascaridiosis.
The studies were carried out on guinea pig males. The animals were infected with 30 larvae (L3) of Anisakis simplex. After 6 hrs of invasion the animals were dissected. In homogenized pancreas and duodenal contents activities of trypsin were determined. In stomach content activities of pepsin were determined. The activities of trypsin in duodenal contents and in pancreas homogenate from infected animals were lower in comparison with the control animals. The activities of pepsin were higher in infected animals.
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