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1
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Fungi inhabiting the aboveground organs of downy willow (Salix lapponum L.) and swamp willow (Salix myrtilloides L.)

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Zalewska E. D., Pogorzelec M., Krol E. D., Serafin A.
Acta Mycologica
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2019
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tom 54
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nr 2
2
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Fungi inhabiting fruit tree shoots with special reference to the Diaporthe (Phomopsis) genus

100%
Krol E. D., Abramczyk B. A., Zalewska E. D., Zimowska B.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus
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2017
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tom 16
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nr 4
The purpose of the study was to determine which fungal species colonize the shoots of apple, pear, cherry, plum, apricot and peach in south-eastern Poland and whether Diaporthe (Phomopsis) isolates there are among them. The study was conducted in 2010–2012 and the plant material was collected from five orchards. In three of these chemical controls were carried out, while there was no protection applied in the other two. The results showed that species composition of the fungi was very similar regardless of host plant and year of study. Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp. and Phoma spp. were isolated most frequently from the studied shoots. Fungi cultures known for pathogenicity towards fruit trees such as Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Leucostoma spp., Monilinia spp. and Neofabraea spp. were also isolated. Moreover, there were isolates of Diaporthe (Phomopsis) among the fungi present in the shoots. Cultures of these fungi were obtained both from shoots with disease symptoms and from visually healthy ones but mainly from shoots originating from unprotected orchards, what indicates their greater threat to fruit trees grown without chemical protection. This is the first documented report of the occurrence of Diaporthe (Phomopsis) on fruit trees in Polish conditions.
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Culture conditions of Phoma negriana Thum and the fungus pathogenicity towards grape-vine canes

100%
Krol E. D., Machowicz-Stefaniak Z., Zalewska E. D., Szmagara M.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus
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2013
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tom 12
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nr 6
Phoma negriana is a little-known pathogen of grapevine canes but increasingly often it is listed in the countries of southern Europe and Asia. The work concerns a study of the opportunities for growth and development of the fungus at different temperatures, pathogenicity tests and the influence of biotechnical preparations on the growth and development of the fungus in vitro. Studies have shown that mycelial growth of P. negriana is possible at the temperature range from 5 to 32ºC with the thermal optimum from 20 to 24ºC. The optimal temperatures for the abundant sporulation was 20, 24 and 28ºC. The positive results of pathogenicity tests as well as re-isolation of the fungus from inoculated shoots confirmed the possibility of grapevine canes infection by P. negriana. A significant factor in facilitating infection were injuries of shoots, what indicates that the fungus is a facultative pathogen of grapevine. Biosept Active limited the growth and development of P. negriana significantly more strongly than Beta-Chikol. When it was applied at the concentration of 0.3%, it caused destruction and loss of fungal hyphae vitality.
4

Aspergillus penicillioides Speg. implicated in keratomycosis

100%
Machowicz-Matejko E., Furmanczyk A., Zalewska E. D.
Polish Journal of Microbiology
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2018
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tom 67
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nr 4
The aim of the study was mycological examination of ulcerated corneal tissues from an ophthalmic patient. Tissue fragments were analyzed on potato-glucose agar (PDA) and maltose (MA) (Difco) media using standard laboratory techniques. Cultures were identified using classical and molecular methods. Macro- and microscopic colony morphology was characteristic of fungi from the genus Aspergillus (restricted growth series), most probably Aspergillus penicillioides Speg. Molecular analysis of the following rDNA regions: ITS1, ITS2, 5.8S, 28S rDNA, LSU and β-tubulin were carried out for the isolates studied. A high level of similarity was found between sequences from certain rDNA regions, i.e. ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and LSU, what confirmed the classification of the isolates to the species A. penicillioides. The classification of our isolates to A. penicillioides species was confirmed also by the phylogenetic analysis.
5
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Antifungal activity of nanoparticles against chosen fungal pathogens of caraway

100%
Zalewska E. D., Machowicz-Stefaniak Z., Krol E. D.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus
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2016
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tom 15
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nr 6
The paper shows the first study on the effect of nanoparticles against fungal pathogens of caraway. The fertilizers containing nanoparticles of copper, silver, and chitosan: Viflo® copper, Viflo Chitosol® Silver® Viflo Cal S and isolates KLM 1806 and KLM 1813 of Septoria carvi were used to the study. The percent of growth inhibition, development of S. carvi colonies and ability of Viflo® Cal to control plants against infection by S. carvi was adopted as the criterion of evaluation of the nanoformulations. The field experiment evaluated the effect of Viflo® Cal S to plant health in terms of the occurrence of S. carvi and Erysiphe heraclei, colonization of plant tissues by S. carvi and the yield of schizocarps. In vitro it has been shown that the tested formulations with nanoparticles limited the growth and development of the S. carvi and Viflo Cal® S at the concentration of 1 g·cm-3 was the inhibitor of mycelial growth. In climatic chamber Viflo Cal® S protect caraway’s seedlings against the infection by S. carvi. In vivo Viflo Cal S® significantly limited the severity of septoriosis and powdery mildew, which contributed to increase the size and quality of the caraway crop.
6
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The influence of temperature and fungal community on growth and sporulation of Diaporthe from fruit plants

100%
Abramczyk B. A., Krol E. D., Zalewska E. D., Zimowska B.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus
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2020
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tom 19
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nr 5
7

Morphological and molecular characterization of Phoma complanata, a new causal agent of Archangelica officinalis Hoffm. in Poland

100%
Zimowska B., Zalewska E. D., Krol E. D., Furmanczyk A.
Polish Journal of Microbiology
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2017
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tom 66
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nr 2
The paper concerns the fungus Phoma complanata, isolated for the first time in Poland, from the roots and umbels of angelica (Archangelica officinalis) in 2009. The morphology of fungal isolates was tested on standard culture media. Moreover, the sequence analysis of ITS regions was conducted. Morphological similarity of P. complanata Polish isolates to the reference isolate obtained from CBS culture collection was determined and together with the molecular analysis confirmed the affiliation of the fungus to the species.
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Morphological characteristics and pathogenicity of Diaporthe eres isolates to the fruit tree shoots

100%
Abramczyk B. A., Krol E. D., Zalewska E. D., Zimowska B.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus
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2018
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tom 17
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nr 6
This work is a continuation of research on Diaporthe genus isolates obtained in 2010−2012 from fruit trees in Poland, which on the basis of previously conducted molecular tests, have been identified as one species belonging to the Diaporthe eres species complex. The aim of this study was to determine the morphology and pathogenic abilities of tested Diaporthe eres isolates. The experiment included cross tests, in which the shoots of apple, pear, cherry and plum trees were inoculated with each of the 4 isolates derived from each mentioned host plants. As a result of experiment, the pathogenic nature of D. eres in relation to the shoots of fruit trees, was confirmed. The isolates were also characterized on the basis of the colony appearance and spore dimensions. Morphological features of studied D. eres cultures were very similar, regardless of the isolate and the host plant, from which they were obtained. All tested isolates formed alpha and beta conidia having the same range size.
9
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Harmfulness of Phomopsis diachenii Sacc. to herbs from Apiaceae family and preparations limiting the growth of this fungus

100%
Zalewska E. D., Machowicz-Stefaniak Z., Krol E. D.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus
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2013
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tom 12
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nr 5
Phomopsis diachenii belongs to the fungi increasingly noted on herbal plants from Apiaceae family. Considering the documented fungal pathogenicity for herbs, the possibility of limiting the growth and development of P. diachenii was studied. Two biotechnical preparations i.e. Biosept Active and Beta-chikol and 12 fungicides from different chemical groups as well as one isolate of P. diachenii K 651, obtained from caraway were used for the study. Tests were performed by poisoning the culture media with each of the tested preparations, which were then inoculated with the P. diachenii inoculum. The percentage of inhibition of the growth of four- and eight-day-old fungus colonies on the medium with preparations in comparison to the control colonies was a measure of the toxic activity of the preparations. The effectiveness of Beta-chikol in limiting P. diachenii growth was significantly higher than the efficiency of Biosept Active. All fungicides limited the growth and development of P. diachenii, and the effectiveness of inhibitory activity was correlated with the concentration of the active ingredient in fungicide. The most promising compound in reducing the growth and development of P. diachenii was mancozeb.
10
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Pathogenicity of Phoma complanata (Tode) Desm. towards angelica (Archangelica officinalis Hoffm.)

100%
Machowicz-Stefaniak Z., Zalewska E. D., Zimowska B., Król E. D.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus
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2014
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tom 13
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nr 6
The plants of angelica Archangelica officinalis may be colonized by various species of fungi including Phoma species. The paper concerns the fungus Phoma complanata, isolated from above-ground and underground parts of angelica in 2009–2011. Pathogenicity tests according to Koch’s postulates were carried out on angelica plants using various methods of inoculation. Observations of the infection process were made using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Three our own isoletes and reference isolate of P. complanata were used in the study. P. complanata was found to be a facultative pathogen of angelica, which enters to the plant through stomata and wounds without creating appressoria in the top part of the germination hyphae.
11
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Fungi colonizing caraway (Carum carvi L.) in different regions of cultivation

100%
Zalewska E. D., Machowicz-Stefaniak Z., Krol E. D.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus
|
2015
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tom 14
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nr 6
Repeated cultivation of caraway in the same agricultural regions creates favor-able conditions to develop infectious diseases which reduce the quantity and quality of the herbal material. The aim of the present research was to determine the composition of fun-gi species colonizing different organs of caraway variety Konczewicki. Observations of plant healthiness were carried out, in the years 2011–2013, on plantations in the region of central and eastern Poland. The one-spore cultures of fungi were identified with good re-sults on PDA or on standard media. A new fungus species Mycocentrospora acerina was detected for the first time in Poland. The fungus causes necrotic spots on the above-ground and underground parts of plants. An epidemic of caraway septoriosis caused by Septoria carvi occurred in the central region of Poland, during the hot and humid weather. At temperature reaching up to 28°C and low relative humidity an epidemic of powdery mildew Erysiphe heraclei appeared. Moreover, growing threat for caraway by Colleto-trichum spp., causing anthracnosis as well as by soil fungi, i.e. Sclerotinia sclerotiorumand Rhizoctonia solani was shown.
12
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Grzyby zasiedlające nasiona wybranych gatunków drzew leśnych

88%
Krol E. D., Machowicz-Stefaniak Z., Zimowska B., Abramczyk B. A., Zalewska E. D.
Sylwan
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2015
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tom 159
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nr 02
The seeds of forest trees usually transfer numerous fungi species, including pathogens, facultative parasites and saprotrophs. The aim of the present work was to determine qualitative and quantitative composition of fungi inhabiting the seeds of 10 trees species i.e.: birch (Betula pendula Roth.), beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), red oak (Quercus rubra L.), common oak (Quercus robur L.), sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.), black alder (Alnus glutinosa Gaerth.), fir (Abies alba Mill.), European larch (Larix decidua Mill.), pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst). The seed samples were obtained courtesy of 5 forest districts located in the south−eastern Poland. Mycological analysis was performed in the years 2012−2013. Each time, the study included 100 surface− −disinfected seeds of particular plant species. As a result of the study about 2000 colonies of fungi representing 26 genera and above 39 species were isolated. The most frequently occurring species were: Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Trichoderma koningii, Epicoccum nigrum, Phoma spp. and Cylindrocarpon destructans. Moreover Discula spp., Phyllosticta spp., Pyrenochaeta spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria consortiale were obtained only from the seeds of deciduous trees while Truncatella angustata and Sphareopsis sapinea exclusively from the seeds of coniferous trees. The genus Fusarium was represented by 8 species and among them F. avenaceum, F. oxysporum and F. sporotrichioides dominated. Moreover Penicillium spp., Epicoccum nigrum, Trichoderma koningii, Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Chaetomium globosum and Trichothecium roseum were commonly isolated while the other species of fungi were present in smaller numbers. Isolation of numerous fungi species which may cause mold of sowing material, seedling blight as well as leaves and needles spot, indicates their big threat for seeds during storage and for plants in the initial period of growth in a nursery. The obtained results show that the seeds, besides the infected soil, are a very important source of infection for young plants.
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