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The alimentary canals of five males weighing 31.5-42.8 g and five females - 31.2-43.3 g - of Apodemus flavicollis (Melchior, 1834) were studied. Lengths of the alimentary canals segments were measured together with thicknesses of tissues forming their wall and the internal and external areas of the segments were then calculated. In stomach there is a proventriculus structured like an esophagus. The surface layer of epithelial cells becomes cornified (52% of epithelial lamina thickness), which supports mechanical treatment of food. In the fundus of the stomach, there is a strongly-developed glandular layer (38% of wall thickness). The internal area of small intestine dominates the digestive-absorptive area of alimentary canal (70%). The large intestine is second largest segment in internal area - 22%. The sizes of the alimentary canal, ie length and external and internal areas, are 11-16% larger in females, which shows the female adjustment to reproduction. The relative value of digestive absorptive area (mm2/g) reaches 206.8 mm2/g (females) and 164.0 mm2/g (males). The size of the alimentary canal of A. flavicollis reflects an accomodation of the canal to the digestion and absorption of the animal diet rich in calories, especially of insects which constitute the main component of the diet.
The large intestine of eight Micro mammalia species, of the orders Insectivora (Sorex minutus, Sorex araneus) and Rodentia {Sicista betulina, Clethrionornys glareo- lus, Microtus oeconomus, Apodemus flauicollis, Mus musculus, Cavia porcellus) were studied. Both the length and surface area of the mucosa of the alimentary canal are strongly associated with food hydration, In M. oeconomus, feeding exclusively on green parts of plants, the large intestine dominates the totai length of the alimentary canal (35% of length). In omnivorous S. betulina and A. flavicollis, the length of the large intestine is 30% of total length of the canal and only 20% in M. musculus fed with dry and granulated food. The large intestine of the rodents (but S. betulina) is divided into caecum, colon and rectum. The caecum is best developed in M. oeconomus, where the relative value of the caecum is 5.54 mm/g and the surface area is 97.07 mm2/g of the body weight and least developed in M. musculus - 1.24 mm/g and 13.34 mmJ/g. In insectivorous shrews, the large intestine is very short and non-differentiated into segments. Its proportion in the length of the alimentary canal amounts only to 6.5%. The relative value of the length of the large intestine is between 1.34 mm/g of body weight (S, araneus) and 2.01 mm/g (S. minutus).
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