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The aim of the study was to assess the effects of dietary supplementation with chicory root meal (CHIC) or apple pomace (POM), containing both dietary fibre and polyphenols, on selected physiological parameters in rats. Forty Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 8 animals each and fed control (C) diet with 10% of cellulose or diets containing CHIC, POM, oligofructose (OLIGOF) or pectin (PEC) for 28 days. The supplements were added to experimental groups in order to obtain the corresponding to the C group the non-digestible carbohydrates content. Indices of caecal fermentation, antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation and lipid profile of rats were assessed. Supplementing POM and CHIC to rat diets decreased ( ≤ 0.05) the caecal pH and ammonia concentration, bacterial β-glucuronidase activity and increased the short-chain fatty acid concentration and pool size in comparison to the C group. In POM group the triacylglycerol (TAG) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances concentration was lower in comparison to C and to OLIGOF and C groups, respectively. The examined preparations significantly ( ≤ 0.05) decreased TAG and total cholesterol levels in blood, but had no influence on liver functioning parameters and antioxidant biomarkers such as sodium dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity or antioxidant capacity of water- and lipidsoluble serum fractions. So, supplementing rats with POM and CHIC beneficially modulated microbial activity in the caecum and blood lipid profile.
Sialic acids are important constituents of animal tissue glycoconjugates and are also present in the antigens of some bacterial strains. Capsular polysaccharides with sialic acid (NeuAc) have been extensively studied with regard to sensitivity to the bactericidal action of serum, whereas little is known in this regard about lipopolysaccharides (LPS) which contain NeuAc. Strains of Salmonella 048, able to infect animals and containing the same structures of LPS with NeuAc, were examined for their susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal bovine serum (NBS). The strains showed varied sensitivity to the bactericidal action of NBS, which indicates that the expression of LPS containing NeuAc residues is not critical for the strains' resistance to the serum's activity. In this study the mechanisms of complement activation responsible for killing serum-sensitive Salmonella 048 rods by NBS were also established. Three such mechanisms were distinguished: activation of the classi- cal/lectin pathways, important (decisive) in the bactericidal mechanism of complement activation, parallel activation of the classical/lectin and alternative pathways, and independent activation of the classical and lectin or the alternative pathway.
The aim of this study was to evaluate protective effects of glycomacropeptide (GMP), a kappa casein-derived peptide, in experimentally induced endotoxemia or bacteremia in mice. The results showed that BALB/c mice, given intraperitoneally (i.p.) GMP, 24h before intravenous (i.v.) injection of a high dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli, strongly inhibited serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), measured 2h later by bioassays. In addition, GMP, administered 24h before infection of CBA mice with a sublethal dose of E. coli, significantly lowered the number of bacterial cells in the spleen. The analysis of main blood cell types in mice pretreated 24h prior to infection with GMP revealed significant increase in the content of granulocytes and immature neutrophils. We, therefore, postulate, that induction of myelopoiesis by GMP may be a primary cause of the increased clearance of bacteria during the development of bacteremia in mice.
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