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W warunkach Kotliny Sandomierskiej badano zależność jakości kwiatów i owoców czteroletnich jabłoni odmiany ‘Rubin’/M.9 od lokalizacji w kwiatostanie i owocostanie oraz koronie drzew. Jakość kwiatów określono na podstawie ich masy, średnicy i wysokości dna kwiatowego oraz długości szypułki. Dla owoców wyznaczono masę, średnicę i wysokość, wybarwienie, a także liczbę nasion, jędrność miąższu, zawartość suchej masy i ekstraktu. Kwiaty centralne charakteryzowały się krótszymi szypułkami i wyższym dnem kwiatowym, niż boczne. Owoce z tych kwiatów były znacznie większe od owoców z kwiatów bocznych i zawierały więcej suchej masy. Jednakże jędrność ich miąższu była znacznie niższa w stosunku do miąższu owoców z kwiatów bocznych. Kwiaty z górnej partii koron miały największą masę i wysokość dna kwiatowego. Największe owoce uzyskano ze środkowych partii koron. Jabłka te charakteryzowały się też największą zawartością suchej masy i liczbą nasion.
The influence of flower or fruit hand-thinning methods on fruit quality was esti­mated in the experiment conducted from 1997 to 1999, at the commercial orchard near Lublin in Poland. The experiment was carried out on ' Sampion' trees/M.26 planted in a bed system at 1 x 2 x 4 m spacing. The study was a complete randomized block design with a single-tree plot replicated eight times. In 1999, during the vegeta­tive period, the dynamics of fruitlet growth were also observed. Fruitlets on trees subjected to flower thinning towards the end of the flowering period, were character­ized as having a fast rate of growth in all separated subperiods. However, the control fruits, despite having quite a fast rate of growth in the first separated subperiod, showed the slowest rate of growth in the following two subperiods. Flower thinning at the pink bud stage, and towards the end of flowering had a beneficial influence on yield of fruit > 70 mm in diameter and mean fruit mass. The control trees gave the smallest yield of fruit > 70 mm in diameter. The control fruits were characterized as having a lower mean fruit mass. Fruits from trees subjected to flower thinning at the pink bud stage had the biggest P and K content, but tended to have the smallest Ca content and the biggest K/Ca ratio. The control fruits had the great Ca content and tended to have the lowest K/Ca ratio.
Badania przeprowadzono na pięcioletnich jabłoniach odmiany ‘Jonagold’/M.26 w latach 1997-1999. Zabiegi ręcznego przerzedzania zawiązków wykonano w połowie maja pozostawiając owoce z kwiatów królewskich lub bocznych oraz po świętojańskim opadzie zawiązków. Obiekt kontrolny stanowiły drzewa na których nie przeprowadzono przerzedzania zawiązków. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że drzewa kontrolne wykazały wyraźną przemienność owocowania. Przerzedzanie zawiązków wpłynęło na zwiększenie masy pojedynczego owocu, jędrności miąższu i zawartości ekstraktu w porównaniu z kontrolą. Zauważono, że sezon badań miał istotny wpływ na cechy jakościowe owoców. Jabłka zebrane w 1998 i 1999 roku miały większą zawartość suchej masy, ekstraktu i cukru, niż owoce w pierwszym roku badań.
The study was conducted from 2013 to 2015 on 10–13-year-old apple trees cv. ‘Szampion’ (M.9. rootstock) in experimental orchard of Department of Pomology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin. On the trees intensively flowering in 2013, the thinning treatments were performed as follows: thinning at the pink bud stage to the 50% of flower clusters leaving only a king flower in the remaining flower clusters; thinning at the pink bud stage to the 50% of flower clusters leaving only one lateral flower in the remaining flower clusters, thinning 4 weeks after full bloom to the 50% of fruit clusters leaving only a fruit from king flower in the remaining fruit clusters, thinning 4 weeks after full bloom to the 50% of fruit clusters leaving only one fruit from lateral flower in the remaining fruit clusters. Intensively flowering control trees in 2013 and poorly flowering trees in 2013 were left unthinned. The best results in terms of regularity of yielding and high-quality fruits after thinning at pink bud stage to king flower, were obtained. The largest fluctuations in yields were observed with the control tree that flowered poorly in the beginning of the study. It was found that the cultivar ‘Szampion’ is characterized by equal distribution of fruits in lower and middle parts of crown, however in the top of crown, the amount of fruits is significantly lower. Apples with the largest mean fruit weight were from spurs on wood older than two years. However the best flesh firmness, soluble solids and dry matter content was detected in fruits from brindles.
The aim of the experiment was study the response of blue honeysuckle cv. ‘Atut’ and ‘Duet’ to application of Betokson Super and some fertilizers. The study was carried out in 2004–2007 on three years old plants growing in clay-loam soil. Bormax applied twice during blooming period and one after fruit harvest in concentration 0.2%. Calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)2 applied to the soil around plants in April at the rate of 50 kg·ha-1. Betokson Super 050 SL applied twice during blooming period in concentration 0.1%. Finally combination of calcium nitrate + Bormax and calcium nitrate + Betokson were used. Untreated by chemicals plants served as a control. Boron fertilization enhanced significantly amount of anthocyanins and ascorbic acid in fruit. Blue honeysuckle fruits are plenty of anthocyanins and ascorbic acid and as a first ripening fruit in our climate could be a good its source for human consumption. Soil application of calcium nitrate resulted in significantly lower levels of phosphorus in leaves of blue honeysuckle. However plants did not showed the symptoms of P deficiency. According to results of present study, in order to reach high yield and high fruit quality, blue honeysuckle plants could be fertilized by calcium nitrate and Bormax, as well as treated by Betokson Super. Clear differences in yielding and leaf characteristic of both studied cultivars indicate that they are genetically distant.
In Poland edible honeysuckle becomes more and more popular, especially in amateurish cultivation. There is a little information about cultivation technology. The aim of this study carried out in 2008–2009 was to examine the influence of Goëmar® BM 86 and calcium nitrate on yielding and fruiting quality of two cultivars of blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea var. kamtschatica): ‘Atut’ and ‘Duet’. Using the fertilization with calcium nitrate, applied to the soil around plants, in April at the rate of 50 kg·ha⁻¹, alone or with Goëmar® BM 86 (applied three times during the bloom period at the dose of 3 l·ha⁻¹) was compared to untreated plants. Fertilizers had no positive effect on the yield and the mass of 100 fruit. Fertilizers did not influence significantly on the dry matter, soluble solids, reductive sugar and anthocyanins content. The influence of Goëmar® BM 86 and calcium nitrate on acidity of berries was inconsistent. Honeysuckle berries of cv. ‘Atut’, after using the mentioned combination of preparations, reacted by increasing in acid concentrations, however acid content of ‘Duet’ berries significantly decreased in comparison to the control. The quality features of honeysuckle berries were strongly dependent on the weather conditions during vegetation period.
The studies were conducted in a nursery of sour cherry ‘Łutówka’ budded on Prunus mahaleb L. in the years 1993, 2000–2003, and 2013. The height of trees, the diameter of stems, and the length of lateral shoots were measured. The air temperature and precipitation higher than the long-term mean (by approximately 10 % and 28%, respectively) contributed to the increase in the stem diameter, the total length of shoots, and the number of shoots per tree. The length of lateral shoots increased from the top of the crown towards the lower parts, however, the number of feathers per tree and the mean length of shoots decreased. A strong positive relationship (r = 0.74, P < 0.05) was revealed between the stem diameter and the total length of shoots. Generally, the correlations between the type of growth of sour cherry maiden trees and morphological traits were similar to those characteristic for apple maiden trees or “knip-boom” type trees.
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