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Sensitivity of imagines and larvae of the lesser mealworm to selected species and strains of entomopathogenic nematodes was studied in a pine sawdust litter on which chicken were kept from one to six weeks according to their production cycle (Niemiec 1998). The following nematode species and strains were used: S. feltiae from bioinsecticides Ovinema and Nemaplus, S. affinis, S. carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora strain Brecon. S. feltiae from biopreparation Ovinema appeared most invasive to the larvae and imagines of A. diaperinus.
Entomopathogenic nematodes in agriculture - potential threat to protected beetle species. Entomopathogenic nematodes are the most important insect parasites, therefore they are used in the production of biopreparations. Application of nematode based biopreparations in biological methods of pest control has many positive and negative features, some of them, however, raise some doubts. Particularly doubtful features are the selectivity in colonising and killing potential hosts by nematodes. Apart from pests, the ecosystems to which entomophilous nematodes have been introduced are inhabited by beneficial insects and those that are legally protected. One of such species is the hermit beetle (Osmoderma eremita), very endangered and strictly protected species according to the Bern Convention, listed in the sec­ond and fourth appendix to the Habitat Directive and mentioned in many European Red Books e.g. in Red List of Nearly Extinct and Endangered Animals in Poland and in Polish Red Book of Animals. The marbled rose chafer Protaetia lugubris, in spite of its rarity it is not the protected species. Its habitat preferences are similar to those of the hermit beetle, which makes it potentially endangered in the same way as O. eremita.
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An inventory studies on Microlepidoptera were performed in 2008 on meadows neighbouring the then planned War-saw-Modlin Airport. The studies revealed the occurrence of 165 species representing 26 families in the area including 37 species first noted in Masovian Province. Species that deserve special attention due to a low number of sites in Poland include: Depressaria pimpinellae (Zeller, 1839), Scythris seliniella (Zeller, 1839), Schiffermuelleria schaefferella (Linnaeus, 1758), Pseudatemelia flavifrontella (Denis et Schiffermüller, 1775), Nothris verbascella (Denis et Schiffermüller, 1775), Ptocheuusa inopella (Zeller, 1839), Epinotia rubiginosana (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851), Lobesia artemisiana (Zeller, 1847), Phtheochroa pulvillana (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851), Anania verbascalis (Denis et Schiffermüller, 1775), Epascestria pustulalis (Hübner, 1823).
Sensitivity of two species of entomopathogenic fungi: Beauveria bassinana and B. brongniartii and of three species of entomopathogenic nematodes: Steinernema glaseri, S. feltiae and Heterorhabditis megidis to low doses of two insecticides carbosulfan and carbofuran applied to forest soil to control cockchafer’s grubs was studied. Carbosulfan inhibited the growth of both fungi. Carbofuran stimulated the growth of B. brongniartii. Mortality of carbofuran treated nematodes was higher than mortality of those affected by carbosulfan. Both insecticides did not decrease the pathogenicity of fungi and nematodes towards Galleria mellonella L. larvae. The studies pointed to a possibility of using both insecticides in the Integrated Pest Management.
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