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Impact of chloronicotinyl insecticide, imidacloprid on egg, egg-larval and larval parasitoids under laboratory conditons

100%

Preetha G., Manoharan T., Stanley J., Kuttalam S.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2010

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tom 50

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nr 4

Laboratory studies were carried out to compare the toxicity of the chloronicotinyl insecticide, imidacloprid on parasitoids. The studies took place at the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore from 2006–2007. Imidacloprid was tested against three beneficial insects viz., an egg parasitoid, egg larval parasitoid and a larval parasitoid representing two families of Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae (Trichogramma chilonis Ishii) and Braconidae (Chelonus blackburni Cameron; Bracon hebetor Say) that attack insect pests of cotton. The toxicity of imidacloprid was evaluated by treating the parasitized eggs using an atomizer in the case of T. chilonis and glass scintillation vial residue bioassay method for the adults of C. blackburni and B. hebetor. The toxicity of imidacloprid to parasitoids was compared with another neonicotinoid, named thiamethoxam, and a standard check, methyl demeton. Imidacloprid 17.8 SL did not cause any adverse effects on the adult emergence and parasitization of T. chilonis. At the recommended dose of imidacloprid [25 g active substance (a.s.)/ha], 90.67 and 85.32 per cent adult emergence and parasitization was recorded, respectively. The recommended dose of imidacloprid caused 56 per cent mortality and was found to have moderate impact on the adults of C. blackburni. On the other hand, it was found to be toxic to the parasitoid B. hebetor, causing 70 per cent mortality at 48 hours after treatment (HAT). The data presented here will provide pest managers with specific information on the compatibility of selected insecticides with natural enemies attacking pests of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.

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Toxicity of imidacloprid and diafenthiuron to Chrysoperla carnea [Stephens] [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae] in the laboratory conditions

88%

Preetha G., Stanley J., Manoharan T., Chandrasekaran S., Kuttalam S.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2009

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tom 49

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nr 3

290-296

Insecticides are unavoidable in pest management programs especially when the pest crosses Econimic Threshold Level (ETL). Nevertheless, often the plant protection products kill the natural enemy population making the pest to resurge and thus demanding more sprays. Therefore, insecticides used in IPM programs should be selective enough to spare the beneficials. Laboratory studies were conducted to find out the toxicity of imidacloprid and diafenthiuron to the eggs, larvae and adults of Chrysoperla carnea. Imidacloprid at the recommended dose of 0.28 ml/l caused 15.38% egg mortality, 26.67 and 33.33% larval mortality by ingestion and contact, respectively and 50.00% adult mortality. The egg mortality was about 15.38% and larval mortality of 23.33% and adult mortality of 26.67% was caused by diafenthiuron. Based on the classification given by IOBC/WPRS working group on Pesticides and non-target invertebrates, both the insecticides were classified as harmless to C. carnea, since the recommended dose caused less than 50% mortality in the laboratory conditions.

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Selective toxicity of diafenthiuron to non-target organisms: honey bees, coccinellids, chelonus, earthworms, silkworms and fish

88%

Stanley J., Chandrasekaran S., Preetha G., Kuttalam S., Jasmine R. S.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2016

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tom 56

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nr 1

Diafenthiuron, an insecticide widely used in the management of pests of cardamom and cotton, was assessed for its toxicityeffect on beneficials commonly found in these ecosystems. Diafenthiuron was found to be toxic to honey bees, the prime pollinators of crop plants. Diafenthiuron at the highest tested dose caused 40% mortality to the coccinelid grubs at 48 h after treatment so, diafenthiuron was found to be slightly harmful. Monocrotophos, on the other hand has been found to be a highly toxic pesticide. Diafenthiuron is moderately harmful to the adults of Chelonus blackburni L. The testing was done using the insecticide diafenthiuron. An insecticidecoated vial (scintillation) bioassay was performed. It was found that there was 86.67% mortality in 48 h, at the recommended dose. Diafenthiuron is highly toxic to the silkworm, killing more than 80% of the caterpillars in 24 h, at all the doses tested. Diafenthiuron, even in the highest dose tested, is non-toxic to the earthworm, Perionyx excavatus, which was found to have a 3.33% mortality. As far as fish are concerned, the common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., is found to be highly susceptible to diafenthiuron and even doses 10 times lower than the field dose can kill the fish within 6 h.

Ograniczanie wyników

3 Journal of Plant Protection Research

3 Kuttalam S.

3 Preetha G.

3 Stanley J.

2 Chandrasekaran S.

2 Manoharan T.

1 Jasmine R. S.

1 2016

1 2010

1 2009

Impact of chloronicotinyl insecticide, imidacloprid on egg, egg-larval and larval parasitoids under laboratory conditons

Toxicity of imidacloprid and diafenthiuron to Chrysoperla carnea [Stephens] [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae] in the laboratory conditions

Selective toxicity of diafenthiuron to non-target organisms: honey bees, coccinellids, chelonus, earthworms, silkworms and fish