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The two, two-factorial laboratory experiments were carried out at the Agronomy Department of Poznan University of Life Sciences. The first factor of first experiment considered were winter triticale cultivars: Fidelio, Woltario, and in the second experiment winter rye cultivars: Arant, Gradan, Nawid. Cereal grain was dressed with fludioxonil (winter triticale) and karboxin + thiram (winter rye). The second experimental factor was a storage period of grain. The grain was evaluated directly after dressing and 180 days after the treatment. The results of the studies revealed that the cultivar Fidelio was characterized by a higher sowing value of grain and vigor than the cultivar Woltario. Six-month storage period of dressed grain of winter triticale caused a significant reduction in grain germination capacity, a simultaneous increase in the number of dead grains as well as a deterioration of grain vigor parameters. In the experiment with rye the best of sowing value showed the cultivar Nawid and the worst one the cultivar Arant. A half year storage period decreased germination capacity of the dressed grain, but did not significantly influence its vigor.
The subjects of the study were 22 genotypes of spelt and three genotypes of bread wheat. The aim of the study was to show the relationship between the genetic distance of the 22 genotypes of winter spelt and three genotypes of bread wheat and protein content in percentages. On the basis of the obtained results, three groups of the genetic diversification of tested objects, depending on the percentage protein content, were differentiated. In the first group, where the similarity between the analysed objects ranged from 11% to 26%, the forms of winter spelt characterised by the lowest protein content were classified. In the second group, in which the probability is contained in the range from 10% to 35%, the forms of higher protein content were classified. The majority of the remaining forms of winter spelt and bread wheat of the medium protein content were classified into the third group of the genetic diversification, and the similarity between them ranges from 5% to 32%.
Municipal sewage sludge has a lot of organic matter and is a rich source of nutrients, thus generating interest as a cheap fertilizer. The amount of the sewage sludge dose used in agriculture to fertilize crops is determined by law and its application should be in accordance with the rules of the EU. The problem is to determine the rate of release of nutrients from sewage sludge and intake speed of these components by the plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agricultural use of sewage sludge in the year of application and its residual effect in maize grown for silage. Maize variety ’PR39G12’ was grown in the field after 5-year monoculture. Experiments were carried out according to the scheme: the control without sewage sludge (mineral fertilizers); sewage sludge the year of application, sewage sludge the first year after application; sewage sludge the second year after application. Sewage sludge was applied in the spring at a dose of 10 tonnes D.M.·ha-1, which was tested both in terms of microbial and heavy metal content. The amount of sewage sludge applied dose was in line with the regulations of Minister of Environment at that time [Directive... 2002] which allows the use of sludge in applied amount once every 5 years. Years in which the study was conducted were characterized by high volatility of weather conditions. There were significant differences in the amount and distribution of rainfall and the considerable volatility in the course of temperature in different periods of plant development. In the two years of the study (2006 and 2008) on the treatments where sewage sludge was applied in the first year, a trend of fewer plant losses was noted compared with plants with mineral fertilizer applied. Below-cob leaf greenness index showed no difference between the plants grown on mineral fertilizers and municipal sewage sludge, but the use of municipal sewage sludge contributed to cob set up. On the treatments fertilized with sewage sludge, plant productivity as fresh and dry matter yield of total maize plants was higher than on treatments with mineral fertilization.
The study assessed the influence of sugar concentration (10, 20, 30, 50, 70, 100, 120 g l⁻¹) on growth and ginsenoside biosynthesis in Panax quinquefolium hairy roots cultivated in shake flasks and a nutrient sprinkle bioreactor. The highest growth rate was achieved in medium containing 3–5 % sucrose. More than 70 g l⁻¹ or less than 20 g l⁻¹ sugar content in the medium induces significant inhibition of root growth when cultivated in shake flasks. The saponin content was determined using HPLC. The maximum yield (above 9 mg g⁻¹ d.w.) of the sum of six examined ginsenosides (Rb₁, Rb₂, Rc, Rd, Re and Rg₁) in hairy roots cultivated in shake flasks was obtained with 30 g l⁻¹ sucrose in the medium. The sucrose concentration in the medium was found to correlate with saponin content in bioreactor-cultured specimens. A higher level of protopanaxadiol derivatives was found for lower (20 and 30 g l⁻¹) sucrose concentrations; higher sucrose concentrations (50 and 70 g l⁻¹) in the medium stimulated a higher level of Rg group saponins.
Field experiments were conducted in 2006–2008 at the Złotniki Experimental Station of Poznań University of Life Sciences. The aim of this study was to determine leaf and ear disease severity on spring triticale as affected by irrigation variant, tillage systems and nitrogen fertilization. The occurrence and severity of symptoms of diseases caused by fungal pathogens on spring triticale largely depend on weather conditions. The least conducive conditions for the development of fungal diseases occurred by the year 2008, in which there was no signs of their presence. Sprinkling irrigation increased infection of spring triticale by Blumeria graminis. Direct drilling in comparison to conventional tillage system, increased infection caused by Puccinia recondita on the flag leaf and by Cladosporium herbarum on ear, but only in a single year of study. Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased leaf area damaged by fungal diseases.
The activity of β-lactam antibiotics (oxacillin, cloxacillin, cephalotin), vancomycin, gentamicin and rifampicin applied in vitro individually and in combination against 37 nosocomial methicillin-resistant strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) was assessed to demonstrate the heterogeneity of this group of bacteria and estimate the chance of the efficacy of such therapy. The strains belonged to four species: Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus cohnii, Staphylococcus hominis. They originated from a hospital environment and from the skin of medical staff of the intensive care unit of a paediatric ward at a university hospital. All strains were methicillin-resistant, according to CLSI standards, but individual strains differed in MICOX values. Susceptibility to other tested antibiotics was also characteristic for the species. The increased susceptibility to antibiotics in combinations, tested by calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index, concerned 26 out of 37 investigated strains and it was a feature of a particular species. Combinations of vancomycin and cephalotin against S. epidermidis and oxacillin with vancomycin were significant, as well as cephalotin and rifampicin in growth inhibition of multiresistant S. haemolyticus strains.
The study aimed at developing the new method of synthesis of distarch citrates and acetylated distarch citrates from various botanical starch. The method was adapted to instalations existing in Polish potato processing plants. Analysis of the starch modificates showed that from the application view point the best rheological and textural parameters reveal distarch citrate and acetylated distarch citrate from potato starch.
The effect of irrigation and seed dressing on sowing value and vigor of yellow lupine were tested. The irrigation decreased germination energy and capacity, but increased a share of mould and rotting seeds and dead seeds. The vigor tests confirmed a reduction in the quality of seeds. The application of seed dressing (carboxin + thiuram) decreased the number of mould and rotting seeds but significantly increased a share of dead seeds.
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