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In this work were shown some crucial moments in early Troheus moorii development (for example: begin of exogenous feeding period, end of endogenous feeding period, time of finish fins development and others). Fertilized eggs, obtained after natural spawn from females of Tropheus species kept in tank, were incubated in laboratory conditions. Hatched embryos were reared in incubation tank, in constance temperature, until resorption of the yolk sac and finish fins development. Embryos were fed ad libitum with live Artemia nauplii. In Tropheus, the fins became fully developed and the yolk sac supplies depleted on the same day, 25th since the mating. Since this species keeps its offspring in the mouth for 30–35 days (YANAGISAWA, SATO 1990), the young stay in they shelter for another one to two weeks. When they are let out for the first time, they are in an advanced stage of their development, mature enough to live like the adults of their species. Since their yolk sack supplies are depleted before the termination of parental care period, it is obvious that they must be intrabucally fed in this time. It is confirmed by the fact that in aquarium conditions incubating females pick the food particles as the non-incubating females do. The food had been found on a regular basis in incubating females mouths when acquiring eggs and embryos for observations. Since the young Tropheus already can ingest exogenous food while being still in mothers mouth, it is on purpose to feed crushed food to the incubating females in aquarium conditions.
Wild living spawners of dace Leuciscus leuciscus (L.), ide L. idus (L.) and chub L. cephalus (L.), were obtained from rivers of central (the Pisa River basin) and northern (the Pasłęka River basin) Poland and next transported to a hatchery for artificial reproduction. The obtained eggs were dry fertilized and next incubated in water as different constant temperatures ranging from 4.5 to 29.0°C. The hatched embryos were kept at the same temperatures until the moment of complete yolk sac resorption and later fed ad libitum on live nauplial Artemia sp. stages. The power function was applied for determination of the relation between the temperature and time until and achievement of each of the thirteen characteristic stages of embryonic development. It was shown that the pace of embryonic development increased with the temperature increase. In the majority of cases, at identical thermal conditions, both the incubation time and the pace of embryonic development were much less diversified among individual of the same species originating from different population than between the individual species. The obtained data finds application in optimization of early raring process and as a consequence will be an important tool in protection of endangered species.
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