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A review of bio-aerosol exposures and associated health effects in veterinary practice

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Samadi S., Wouters I. M., Heederik D. J. J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

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2013

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tom 20

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nr 2

Introduction. Occupational exposure to bio-aerosols has been linked to various health effects. This review presents an overview of bio-aerosol exposure levels in veterinary practices, and investigates the possibility of health effects associated with bio-aerosol exposure. Methods. A systematic literature search was carried out in PubMed. Publications were included if they provided information on bio-aerosol exposure and related health effects through veterinary practice and other professions with similar exposures, occupationally exposed to animals. Results. Few studies in veterinary settings showed that substantial bio-aerosol exposure levels (e.g. endotoxin and β(1→3)-glucan) were likely occur when handling farm animals and horses. Exposure levels are comparable to those levels observed in farming which have been associated with respiratory health effects. Animal specific allergen exposures have hardly been studied, but showed to be measurable in companion animal clinics and dairy barns. The findings of the few studies available among veterinary populations, particularly those working with farm animals and horses, are indicative of an elevated risk for developing respiratory symptoms. Studies among pig farmers, exposed to similar environments as veterinarians, strongly confirm that veterinary populations are at an increased risk of developing respiratory diseases in relation to bio-aerosol exposure, in particular endotoxin. Exposure to animal allergens during veterinary practice may cause allergic inflammation, characterized by IgE-mediated reactions to animal allergens. Nonetheless, the occurrence of sensitization or allergy against animal allergens is poorly described, apart from laboratory animal allergy, especially known from exposure to rats and mice. Conclusion. Veterinary populations are likely exposed to elevated levels of bio-aerosols such as endotoxins, β(1→3)-glucans, and some specific animal allergens. Exposures to these agents in animal farmers are associated with allergic and non-allergic respiratory effects, proposing similar health effects in veterinary populations.

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Endotoxin exposure in sewage treatment workers: investigation of exposure variability and comparison of analytical techniques

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Spaan S., Smit L. A. M., Eduard W., Larsson L., Arts H. J. J. M., Wouters I. M., Heederik D. J. J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

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2008

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tom 15

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nr 2

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Endotoxin, [1-3]-beta-D-glucans and fungal extra-cellular polysaccharides in New Zealand homes: a pilot study

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Douwes J., Siebers R., Wouters I. M., Doekes G., Fitzharris P., Crane J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

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2006

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tom 13

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nr 2

Bacterial endotoxin, fungal (1--->3)-ß-D-glucans, and extracellular polysaccharides from Aspergillus and Penicillium (EPS-Asp/Pen) have been suggested to be stable markers of microbial exposure. This paper describes a pilot study in which we measured endotoxin, (1--->3)-ß-D-glucans, EPS-Asp/Pen and mite allergen in house dust collected in 32 homes in Wellington, New Zealand. Endotoxin (GM 60,295 EU/g; GSD 2.4) and glucan (GM 2,687 µg/g; GSD 1.5) levels were higher in comparison to previous international studies, whereas EPS-Asp/Pen levels (37,347 Units/g; GSD 1.9) appeared comparable. Concentrations expressed per square meter were highly correlated among the measured components (p<0.05). When expressed per gram of dust only (1--->3)-ß-D-glucans and EPS-Asp/Pen were correlated (r=0.55, p<0.01; n=32). Endotoxin and glucan levels were higher (borderline statistically significant; p<0.10) in homes with self-reported water damage. A positive association (p<0.10) was also found for dust mite and a combination of self-reported mould, dampness and water damage. EPS levels were higher in homes where residents indicated the presence of mould spots on the wall, but this did not reach statistical significance. In conclusion, levels of microbial contaminants in a small random sample of New Zealand homes were high and weakly associated with water damage.

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Odour annoyance in the neighbourhood of livestock farming – perceived health and health care seeking behaviour

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Hooiveld M., van Dijk C. E., van der Sman-de Beer F., Smit L. A. M., Vogelaar M., Wouters I. M., Heederik D. J., Yzermans C. J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

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2015

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tom 22

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nr 1

Ograniczanie wyników

4 Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

4 Wouters I. M.

2 Heederik D. J. J.

2 Smit L. A. M.

1 Arts H. J. J. M.

1 Crane J.

1 Doekes G.

1 Douwes J.

1 Eduard W.

1 Fitzharris P.

1 Heederik D. J.

1 Hooiveld M.

1 Larsson L.

1 Samadi S.

1 Siebers R.

1 Spaan S.

1 Vogelaar M.

1 Yzermans C. J.

1 van Dijk C. E.

1 van der Sman-de Beer F.

1 2015

1 2013

1 2008

1 2006

A review of bio-aerosol exposures and associated health effects in veterinary practice

Endotoxin exposure in sewage treatment workers: investigation of exposure variability and comparison of analytical techniques

Endotoxin, [1-3]-beta-D-glucans and fungal extra-cellular polysaccharides in New Zealand homes: a pilot study

Odour annoyance in the neighbourhood of livestock farming – perceived health and health care seeking behaviour