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This study examines the initial orientation oí Miniopterus schreibersii (Kuhl, 1817) when released from their roosts and analyses the significance of rivers as landmarks in bat navigation. Two orientation tests were carried out in which the bats were released in areas familiar to them and two further tests were carried out in unfamiliar areas. In both types of areas one of the tests was performed close to a river and the other away from a river. Initial orientation capability of M. schreibersii was verified in all tests except in unfamiliar area away from a river. The test performed in unfamiliar area with river showed higher mean angular deviation and lower directionality than the two tests performed in familiar areas. Most of the bats released near a river both in a familiar area and in an unfamiliar one turned towards the watercourse. The results obtained in these two last tests proved that the bats tended to turn towards the river. There were no significant differences between the directions taken by males and females in each of the four tests. Rivers seem to be landmarks in the navigation of the species and also paths to be followed in migratory flights.
This article analyses information gathered between 1984 and 1995 relating to the seasonal movements of Miniopterus schreibersii (Kuhl, 1819) in the north-east of Spain. The recapture rate of banded different individuals is 32.5% and the total recapture rate is 53.4%. Ninety five different trajectories have been reported. The bats cover an average distance of 120 km between their hibernation sites and summer roosts. The longest longevity recorded here is almost 10 years. Localities where M. schreibersii was observed were grouped by seasonal use pattern and according the species biological cycle. Two new hibernation sites, seven new breeding sites and sixteen new equinoctial sites have been discovered in this study. From the verified flight trajectories, the distribution of shelters and the ethological characteristics of the species, the most probable migration path have been established.
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