Postglacial and Holocene climatic changes between the Pleistocene periglacial area (Central Europe), and the contemporary arctic periglacial zone have led to the fossilisation of periglacial forms, sediments and structures, with this fossilisation progressing from South to North. (Fig. 2). Northem part of Scandinavia (Varanger peninsula) exhibits the features of transitional area between the fossilised periglacial forms of Central Europe (zone F) and the active one of the Arctic (zone A), (Fig. 3). This transitional zone (AF) can be find on the Kola peninsula, in northern part of British Isles (Scotland), and Orkney Islands. Iceland, belongs to this zone (Fig. 3). It is possible to observe in this zone the occurence of both active and inactive periglacial phenomena at the same height of sea level. The Varanger peninsula exhibits only half the active high Arcic periglacial processes. (Fig. 3 ). The author represents the opinion that the comparison of the periglacial zones with the active one is the most important problem in the periglacial geomorphology. The periglacial transitional zone, recognized by the author as AF zone, plays a particular role in this comparative analysis.
Mineralogical composition and properties of acid and very acid weathered materials (upper-chalk clay, clay from sandstone interstick, tertiary clay, weathered of gneiss) as well as materials of neutral and alkaline pH (weathered of granite, basalt, serpentinite and cristalic limestone) occured in the Sudety Mountains. were analyzed. The analyzed materials of pH neutral and alkaline composed of illite. smektite and chlorite-talcite charakterize 1.5 - 5 time higher sorption capacity than materials of acid and very acid reaction. Mineralogical composition of clay minerals is a result of chemical properties of weathered rock and in older materials is a result of epigenetic processes.