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Transplant quality of tomato depend on such factors as microclimate parameter, substrate, plant nutrition and other. The growth stage is very important indices of their quality. The objective of research was to determine the effect of the growth stage of tomato transplants on their quality and yield. Research was carried out in a greenhouse of the Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry in the period of 2008–2010. The investigated transplant growth stage of tomato cv. Cunero F1 5–6 leaves, 7–8 leaves and 9–10 leaves. Tomato transplants with 9–10 leaves were elongated and their leaves area were the highest. Plants with 7–8 leaves according to stem and leaves ratio were qualitative, accumulated in leaves the highest content of photosynthetic pigments and had the highest SLA. Tomato transplanted with older transplant started to flower the fastest compared to 5–6 leaves transplant. Higher total yield was produced by 7–8 leaves transplants. The least early yield was produced by 5–6 leaves transplant. The growth stage of tomato transplants had no effect on the average tomato fruit weight.
Succesful propagation of selected clones and cultivars of Actinidia kolomicta (Maxim.) Maxim., A. arguta (Siebold et Zucc.) Planch, ex Miq., Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl, ex Spach and Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott has been achieved by in vitro methods. It has been demonstrated that the intensity and pathway of microvegetative propagation depend on the properties of plant species, genotype and sex. Under in vitro conditions, actinidia multiplicated by forming shoots from apical meristems and auxiliary buds of shoots, dwarf Japanese quince and black chokeberry - by new adventitious shoots. For in vitro development, male plants of actinidia species demanded opposite ratios of auxins and cytokinins than the female plants. They worse adapted to in vitro conditions. Multiplication coefficient in the fourth week was as follows: Actinidia - 1.3-4.5; Chaenomeles – 1.9-4.1; Aronia - 14.3.
Water evaporation and changes in texture and colour caused by biophysical proc­esses are important in fruit storage. Using various modified atmospheres, fruits of apple cultivars 'Staris', 'Auksis', 'Cortland' and 'Spartan' were stored at +1± 1 °C and relative humidity of 90-95%. The fruits were tested in the Biochemistry and Technology laboratory of the Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry. Fruit texture and the colour parameters: L*, a*, b*, h° and C were measured before and after 8 months of storage. Soluble solids, respiration rate, sugar content and the amount of ascorbic acid were determined with standard meth­ods. It was found that skin firmness of 'Spartan' apples was the highest (355.4 N/cm2). 'Auksis' apples had the softest skin (215.8 N/cm2). Fruit firmness changed slightly when the carbon dioxide concentration in the modified atmosphere was increased. The same tendency was found for flesh firmness at 2% and 4% of carbon dioxide. The amounts of soluble solids and sugars in fruits at 4% CO2 were stable. The obtained results showed that ascorbic acid losses in the modified atmos­pheres with 2% and 4% CO2 were respectively 18% and 10.5%. Fruit colour proper­ties were more affected in terms of the colour coordinates a* and b*.
Changes in physiological and genetic indices of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. due to the impact of cadmium at different substrate acidity and nutrition were studied under controlled conditions in phytotron. The amount of photosynthetic pigments, stem diameter, sap flow rate, the mitotic index of cells and inhibition of cell mitosis were investigated. Cadmium in acidic environment produced a very toxic effect on growth, the synthesis of chlorophylls and carotenoids and stem diameter, sap flow rate of L. esculentum. Cadmium suppressed the mitotic index of cells and disorganized normal mitosis. The mitosis with anomalies (chromosome breaks, fragmentation, bridges, chromosome eliminations and abnormal nucleus divisions) was observed in meristem cells of roots of L. esculentum. It was concluded that nutrient deficiency led to evident plant growth retardation, and higher nutrient favoured plant growth under the effect of cadmium.
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