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A method for the fast identification of trace levels of pesticide residues in agricultural crops was developed using low pressure gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (LP-GC/MS). The finalchromatographic determination took 12 minutes per sample while conventional GC/MS required at least 30 minutes. Also, improved peak shapes for dichlorvos, dimethoate, chlorothalonil, pirymethanil, pirimicarb, carbaryl, myclobutanil, flusilazole tebuconazole, fenarimol and iprodione were obtained which generally enabled lower limits of detection. The method was successfully applied to analysis of more than 40 pesticides in 120 samples of fruits, vegetables and cereals. With the aid of LP-GC/MS the number of samples analysed on the particular instrument could be at least doubled.
Residue levels of captan, boscalid, piraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin in apples, after their preharvest applications were analyzed. The initial deposits of captan, boscalid, piraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin in fruit were at levels 2.001±0.44, 0.236±0.128, 0.092±0.051 and 0.106±0.031 mg/kg, respectively, and they disappeared by half within a week after treatment. However, those fungicides residues during fruit harvest, and after cold storage were still significantly higher than 0.01 mg/kg. The results of those studies indicated that the apples could not be used for baby food production.
A total of 203 samples of fresh fruit, vegetables and arable crops of Polish origin were analysed in 2010 at the Department of Pesticide Residue Research of the Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute. The monitoring programme covered 9 commodities and 204 pesticides including some isomers and breakdown products. Residues of 35 pesticides, mainly fungicides (24), were detected in 29.6% of the samples analysed. Percentage of the samples without pesticide residues was equal to 70.4%. Violations of MRLs were found in 1.5% of the samples. The usage of unauthorized pesticides was stated in 4.4% of the samples analysed. In all cases notifications were sent within the framework of RASFF (Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed). Residues were detected in 58.1% of fruit samples and 57.7% of greenhouse vegetable samples. Especially in samples of apples (63.3%) and in 62.5% samples of grapes. The samples of other products were less contaminated. Residues of carbendazim were detected most often, in 6.9% of the samples.
A total of 203 samples of fresh fruit, vegetables and arable crops of Polish origin were analysed in 2009 in Department of Pesticide Residue Research of the Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute. The monitoring programme covered 7 commodities and 196 pesticides including some isomers and breakdown products. Residues of 22 pesticides, mainly fungicides (14), were detected in 21.2% of samples analysed. Percentage of the samples without pesticide residues was equal to 78.8%. Violations of MRLs were found in 1.0% of the samples. The usage of not authorized pesticides was stated in 9.9% of the samples analysed. In all cases notifications were sent within the framework of RASFF system. Residues were detected in 55.3% of greenhouse vegetable samples. Especially in samples of peppers (60.0%) and in 43.8% samples of grapes. The samples of other products were less contaminated. Residues of dithiocarbamates were detected most often, in 15.8% of the samples.
In the period of 1993-1998 six wells known as being contaminated were monitored 3-6 times per year (a total of 143 samples) for the presence of atrazine, simazine and respective chloro-dealkyl metabolites. Samples were prepared for analysis by solid phase extraction (SPE) and determination was by HPLC/UV or GC/NPD techniques, GC/MSD and HPLC/DAD were employed as secondary (confirmatory) techniques. Residues of analysed compounds were present in more than 90% of samples with exception for DeDiA that was found in 81.6% of samples. The highest concentrations of atrazine, simazine, DeA, DiA, and DeDiA were 16.80; 18.60; 7.49; 2.98 and 3.43 μg/l respectively. New inputs of atrazine and simazine were observed in ground water of three wells occasionally, probably resulting from fresh herbicide treatments. In the other wells contamination was rather stagnant at lower levels (O.X mg/I).
Official testing was carried out in 2010 included the determination of 175 compounds (80 insecticides, 70 fungicides and 25 herbicides) in 247 samples. Validated analytical multiresidue methods were used, enabling to determine many compounds at the same time, in compliance with legally binding standards and tested during international proficiency tests (FAPAS – The Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme, EU – European Union). The following analytical techniques were used: GC/ECD/NPD, GC/MS/MS and spectrophotometry. The positive results were confirmed in compliance with European Commission regulations. In 22 samples (8.9%) pesticide residues were found. >From among 175 compounds tested, 10 were detected. Based on analyses carried out there were found 7 fungicide residues and 3 insecticide residues, mainly in samples of fruit growing (25.8%) and vegetable growing (8.7%). Monitoring carried out in the United States and some European countries in last few years also showed the possibilities of finding pesticide residues in organic food of plant origin.
Official testings was carried out in 2009 including the determination of 167 compounds (83 insecticides, 61 fungicides and 23 herbicides) in 154 samples of crops, processed food and soil. Mainly validated analytical multiresidue methods were used, enabling to determine many compounds at the same time, in compliance with legally binding standards and tested during international proficiency tests (FAPAS, UE). The following analytical techniques were used: GC/ECD/NPD, GC/MS/MS and spectrophotometry. The positive results were confirmed in compliance with European Commission regulations. In 6 samples (3.9%) pesticide residues were found. From among 67 compounds tested, 9 were determined. There were found 3 insecticide residues and 6 fungicide residues, mainly in samples of vegetables (25.0%) and fruits (4.3%). Monitoring carried out in the United States and some European countries in last few years showed possibilities of finding pesticide residues in organic food of plant origin.
Projekt badawczy „Ocena stanu środowiska na Obszarach Szczególnie Narażonych w województwie wielkopolskim" zrealizowano w ramach współpracy Instytutu Ochrony Roślin - Państwowego Instytutu Badawczego z Wojewódzkim Ośrodkiem Doradztwa Rol­niczego w Poznaniu. Projekt dofinansował Wielkopolski Fundusz Ochrony Środowiska Celem wykonywanych analiz w ramach projektu była ocena szeregu elementów śro­dowiska rolniczego stanowiących wskaźniki różnorodności przyrodniczej i stanu fitosa­nitarnego upraw. Analizy przeprowadzono na terenach obszarach szczególnie narażonych zanieczyszczeniem wód azotanami pochodzenia rolniczego (OSN) w gospodarstwach w Wielkopolsce o obszarze od 10 do ponad 30 ha. W każdym z gospodarstw obserwacją poddano jedną lub dwie uprawy. Wszystkie obserwowane aspekty bioróżnorodności wykazywały wysokie lub średnie wartości. Analizie poddano również występowanie patogenów i szkodników. Poziomy po­rażenia monitorowanych upraw przez organizmy szkodliwe nie stanowiły epidemicznego zagrożenia. Występowanie owadów pożytecznych i drapieżnych było duże, co równowa­żyło występowanie owadów szkodliwych. W przypadku bioróżnorodności roślin segetal- nych stwierdzono zróżnicowanie pod względem występowania poszczególnych gatunków i grup chwastów, zależne od rodzaju uprawy i rośliny uprawnej.
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