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Latest Cretaceous (Campanian to Maastrichtian) leaf fossil assemblages are described from 33 exposures ranging from the southern border of the Holy Cross Mountains (southern Poland) through the Roztocze region (south−eastern Poland) to the vicinity of L’viv (western Ukraine). The fossil assemblage is allochthonous, preserved in marine sediments, yet complete compound leaves strongly argue for the transport having been short. Krasnobród and Potelych (Potylicz) are the richest localities; both are late Campanian. The abundance of angiosperm remains in this period is explained by a marine lowstand resulting in nearby emergent vegetated areas. The flora was composed of ferns (three species), conifers (five species, including the commonest Geinitzia reichenbachii), dicotyledons (seventeen taxa; Debeya paulinae sp. nov., two other species of Debeya, and Rarytkinia polonica being the most frequent), and a single presumed monocotyledon. The eudicot clade is formalised as supersubclass Eudicotyledoneae Doyle and Hotton ex Halamski, herein. The approximately equal abundance of serrate/lobate and entire−margined dicots attests to an intermediate character of the flora between more thermophilic and polar vegetation. The material may have come from at least two communities: xeromorphic mixed Debeya−conifer forests and platanoid−Lauraceae forests growing in disturbed environments along rivers. The assemblage is most similar to approximately coeval floras from Westphalia and the Netherlands.
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A compendium of zoology

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Latest Famennian (UD−VI, “Strunian”) brachiopod fauna from Kowala (Kielce Region, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland) consists of eighteen species within 6 orders, eleven of them reported in open nomenclature. Characteristic taxa include: Schellwienella pauli, Aulacella interlineata, Sphenospira julii, Novaplatirostrum sauerlandense, Hadyrhyncha sp., Cleiothyridina struniensis. New morphological details of Schellwienella pauli, Sphenospira julii, and Aulacella interlineata are provided. The described latest Famennian brachiopod fauna is distinctly richer than that from underlying upper Famennian deposits (11 species within 4 orders). Majority of species from Kowala seem to have been adapted to deep water settings and/or poor nutrient availability. The stratigraphic separation between Planovatirostrum in the UD−III to UD−V and Novaplatirostrum in the UD−VI observed in Sauerland and in Thuringia is valid also in the Holy Cross Mountains. This is the first comprehensive report of a relatively diversified latest Famennian brachiopod fauna from surface outcrops of Poland.
Pyramidalia is a brachiopod genus with Spirifera simplex as the type species. Imprecise diagnosis and misidentification of the material studied in the original description resulted in a plethora of interpretations (a valid genus belonging either to the order Spiriferida or to the Spiriferinida; synonym of the spiriferide Thomasaria; synonym of Squamulariina or Cyrtinaella, both spiriferinides). To address this problem we designated the specimen GSM 6915 from Wolborough quarry near Newton Abbot (Devon, England; Givetian) as the lectotype of Spirifera simplex. We examined microstructure and internal characters of a topotypic specimen and found out that Spirifera simplex has an impunctate shell and is thus a spiriferide, not a spiriferinide. No significant differences in morphology or internal characters of Thomasaria and Pyramidalia can be found, so the latter is interpreted as a junior subjective synonym of the former. The procedure used in the present analysis is equivalent to the epitypification provided for in the ICN; formalisation of a similar procedure under the ICZN is recommended.
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