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The objective of the research project was to determine the influence of chemical (KemiSile 2000) and bilogical (Lactacel L) silage additives on the hygiene quality and nutritive value of maize silages treated with a mould inoculum of Penicillium verrucosum 410. The experiments were conducted on S.C. type Celux cultivar of maize (FAO 220) with a 34% dry matter count that was harvested in August 2002 and ensiled in 3 variants (each variant in 3 replications). Group 1 was a control and comprised silage without any additives, group 2 was ensiled with the addition of 0.25% KemiSile 2000, while group 3 was treated with 0.20% Lactacel L preparation. After 12 weeks of the silage process individual silages were subjected to chemical analyses, and the microbiological composition of silages was also determined. Similar analyses were repeated following a 7 day period of exposure to oxygen. The applied silage additives were not found to have a significant influence on the chemical composition of silages. Nevertheless, silages supplemented with KemiSile 2000 contained higher levels of water soluble sugars and smaller quantities of lactic acid. The applied silage additives reduced quantities of coli and Clostridium bacteria and improved the hygiene quality. After the exposure to oxygen, the quantities of yeasts and fungi increased and the pH value increased dramatically. The ensiling process caused significant changes in the fungal microflora of silages; the quantities of Penicillium verrucosum decreased considerably, while Penicillium roqueforti turned out to be the dominant species in the examined silages.
The aim of the study was the evaluation of the biological, chemical and microbiological composition of maize silage. Changes in the amount of the ochtratoxin A and zearalenone during maize fermentation process and subsequently after a week long oxygen exposure of the silage (stability evaluation) were evaluated. The experimental material comprised maize variety Celux S.C. (FAO 220), with a dry matter content of 37% which was ensiled after cutting in the following variants (3 microsilos each). The treatments were as follows: A - control maize without additives; B - maize + 0.25% chemical additives (55% HCOOH, 5% C₂H₅COOH, 24% NH₄COOH, 1% ester of benzoic acid, 1% benzoic acid, E-151 dye), C - maize + 0.2% bacterial additives (Lactobacillus plantarum CFU 10⁶ g⁻¹, endo-1.4-beta-glukanase, xylanase, gluco-amylase). After 12 weeks of ensiling the quality of the silage, microbiological analysis, and pH value were determined. Moreover, the same analyses were carried out for the silage which underwent the 7-day oxygen exposure. The experimental preparations KemiSile 2000 and Lactacel L improved the air stability of silages, constraining the increase of the number of Clostridium, coli group and mould fungi. In most of the examined silages the mycotoxins were not detected; however, the presence of zearalenone was found in the control silage.
The aim of the study was the biological, chemical and microbiological evaluation of row silage maize. Changes in the amount of DON and ZON during the fermentation process of the maize and then after a week-long oxygen exposure of the silage (stability evaluation) were evaluated. Samples for the study were taken from maize type F70 (Flint type grain from Austria) which had been ensilaged after harvesting in the middle of September 2003 in the following ways (5 microsilos each). The first treatment: 1 - control - maize; 2 - maize + 0.25% KemiSile 2000; 3 - maize + 0.2 Lactacel L - enzymatic preparation (Lactobacillus plantarum 10⁸ CFµg⁻¹ + enzymes). After 12 weeks of fermentation the quality of the silage, microbiological analysis and the presence of Fusarium toxins were evaluated. Additionally, the same analysis was carried out on the silage which had undergone the 7-day oxygen exposure. The level of both mycotoxins and moulds increased again (especially Aspergillus, Penicillium and Mucor genera) during oxygen exposure of the silage. KemiSile 2000 additive had a positive influence on the quality and stability of the silage.
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