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The aim of the study was to assess the impact of cut vegetative shoots of chosen lawn grass cultivars of Festuca being left on the lawn sward surface on the species composition, sodding and appearance, and over-wintering of the lawn. The influence of decomposing biomass was studied in a field experiment between 2008 and 2014. Each cultivar was sown as a monoculture on microplots with an area of 1 m2. The control consisted of sites from which the cut sward had been removed immediately after cutting. The results obtained may indicate an allelopathic effect of the cut sward of the cultivars left on the lawn surfaces. The following had the most negative effects on the species composition of the lawn sward (from greater to lesser negative impact): F.ovina ‘Espro’, F.rubra ‘Areta’, F. arundinacea ‘Asterix’, and F.ovina ‘Pintor’. With the exception of ‘Espro’, these cultivars also limited the presence of dicotyledonous plants in the lawn sward. The cover of dicotyledonous plants and other unsown grasses was also recorded on the sites with F.rubra ‘Olivia’ and ‘Nimba’. The greatest negative influence on the sodding of the lawn swards was demonstrated by the latter F.rubra cultivar, whereas F. ovina ‘Espro’ had the greatest negative influence on the appearance. However, no differences were found in assessments of over-wintering of the cultivars at the study sites. However, taking into account the scale of these impacts on the characteristics evaluated, the cultivars of Festuca species tested can be recommended for extensive use, where a cut sward can be left on the surface of the lawn. Some caution in this respect is recommended when it comes to F.ovina ‘Espro’ and F.rubra ‘Areta’ and ‘Nimba’.
The objective of the study was to elucidate correlations between meadow plant species, the content of some biogenic elements in groundwater, sward harvesting frequency and the level of the groundwater table at the beginning and at the end of a growing season. An adequate choice of species grown in organic soil may be of particular significance for nutrient management and prevention of water eutrophication due to biogenic elements. A lysimeter experiment was conducted on peat-muck soil. The chemical composition of groundwater sampled underneath the rhizosphere of P. pratensis, Ph. pratense and L. perenne was assessed in several years. Two fixed levels of the groundwater table were maintained in the lysimeters: 50 and 90 cm below the ground surface. Grass was harvested three or five times during a growing season. The content of nitrate-nitrogen and ammonium-nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sodium and magnesium was determined in the analysed groundwater. The results showed significant variation in the mean (over the research period) content of selected mineral components (except for phosphate ions) in the piezometer water collected under the rhizosphere of specific grass species. The species L. perenne absorbed mineral components most effectively. The highest concentration of the majority of the components studied was found in water beneath the rhizosphere of P. pratensis. Significantly higher concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, nitrate-nitrogen (but not ammonium-nitrogen) and potassium were found in water in the springtime. The biogenic element content found in objects with a three-cut harvesting regime was lower than in waters underneath grasses harvested five times. Regardless of the species and harvesting frequency, a significantly higher content of specific cations and anions in piezometer water was found in objects with a lower level of the groundwater table.
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