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1
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New information on scavenging and selective feeding behaviour of tyrannosaurids

100%
Hone D. W. E., Watabe M.
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
|
2010
|
tom 55
|
nr 4
Feeding traces for carnivorous theropod dinosaurs are typically rare but can provide important evidence of prey choice and mode of feeding. Here we report a humerus of the hadrosaurine Saurolophus which was heavily damaged from feeding attributed to the giant tyrannosaurine Tarbosaurus. The bone shows multiple bites made in three distinctive styles termed “punctures”, “drag marks” and “bite−and−drag marks”. The distribution of these bites suggest that the animal was actively selecting which biting style to use based on which part of the bone was being engaged. The lack of damage to the rest of the otherwise complete and articulated hadrosaur strongly implies that this was a scavenging event, the first reported for a tyrannosaurid, and not feeding at a kill site.
2
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The first discovery of pterosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia

81%
Watabe M., Tsuihiji T., Suzuki S., Tsogtbaatar K.
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
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2009
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tom 54
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nr 2
231-242
Cervical vertebrae of azhdarchid pterosaurs were discovered in two Upper Cretaceous (Baynshire Suite) dinosaur localities, Bayshin Tsav and Burkhant, in the Gobi Desert. These are the first discoveries of pterosaur remains in the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. The Burkhant specimen includes a nearly complete atlas−axis complex, which has rarely been described in this clade of pterosaurs. Although all elements comprising this complex are fused together, a wing−like atlas neural arch is still discernable. The postzygapophyseal facet of the axis is long anteroposteriorly and convex dorsally, and would likely have allowed a fairly large range of dorsoventral flexion at the axis−third cervical joint unlike in other well−known ornithocheiroids such as Pteranodon and Anhanguera. Both Mongolian localities represent inland, terrestrial environments, which were apparently not typical habitats of pterosaurs, thus adding further evidence for the ubiquity of Azhdarchidae during the Late Cretaceous.
3
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A new tritylodontid synapsid from Mongolia

80%
Watabe M., Tsubamoto T., Tsogtbaatar K.
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
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2007
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tom 52
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nr 2
The Upper Jurassic Ulaan Malgait Beds in the Shar Teg locality of southwestern Mongolia have yielded remains of a new tritylodontid therapsid (Synapsida), Bienotheroides shartegensis sp. nov. The specimen consists of a fragmentary skull associated with lower jaws. It is assigned to Bienotheroides based on its short snout, a premaxilla−palatine contact, very reduced maxilla, relatively rounded corner of upper postcanine teeth (PC), and PC cusp formula of 2−3−3. It differs from the other species of Bienotheroides in having a much more reduced middle mesial cusp of PC. It further differs from B. zigongensis and B. ultimus in having shorter and wider PC, from B. ultimus in lacking a projection at the middle mesial margin of PC, and from B. wansienensis in lacking the vestigialmost mesiobuccal cusp of PC and in lacking a diastema between upper I1 and I2. This is the first discovery of the Tritylodontidae in Mongolia. This discovery extends the taxonomic (morphological) diversity and geographic range of Bienotheroides and underlies the success of the genus in the Middle to Late Jurassic biota of eastern Eurasia.
4
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Function and evolution of ankylosaur dermal armor

71%
Hayashi S., Carpenter K., Scheyer T. M., Watabe M., Suzuki D.
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
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2010
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tom 55
|
nr 2
213-228
Ankylosaurs have spike−, plate−, and club−shaped osteoderms probably used as defensive and/or offensive weapons. Previous studies have proposed the evolution and function of small ankylosaur osteoderms, but histological variations in their defensive weapons are little known. Here, we provide comparisons of the internal structures in defensive weapons of ankylosaurs, which shed light on understanding their evolutionary history and function. Histological features of spikes, plates, and clubs are similar to those of small osteoderms in having thin compact bone, thick cancellous bone with large vascular canals, and abundant collagen fibers. A previous study demonstrated that each of the three groups of ankylosaurs (the Polacanthidae, Nodosauridae, and Ankylosauridae) have distinct arrangements of collagen fibers in small osteoderms. This study shows that spikes and clubs of ankylosaurs maintain the same characteristic features for each group despite the differences in shapes and sizes. These histological similarities suggest that various types of osteoderms in ankylosaurs retained the thin compact bone and abundant fiber structures of the small osteoderms during their evolution. Polacanthid spikes show thin compact bone, with less collagen fibers than in spikes of nodosaurids and spikes and clubs of ankylosaurids. Also, ankylosaurid plates with hollow bases are very thin in morphology and show thin compact bone. These results imply that the bone strengths of polacanthid spikes and ankylosaurid plates are lower than spikes and clubs of other ankylosaurs, indicating that they may be used more probably as display and/or thermoregulation rather than as weapons. It is thus probable that ankylosaur armor in general played more than just a defensive role.
5
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A new oviraptorosaur [Dinosauria, Theropoda] from Mongolia: the first dinosaur with a pygostyle

71%
Barsbold R., Osmolska H., Watabe M., Currie P. J., Tsogtbaatar K.
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
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2000
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tom 45
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nr 2
97-106
A description of Nomingia gobiensis gen. et sp. n., the first known dinosaur with a pygostyle, the structure known so far only in birds, is presented. The specimen comes from the Late Cretaceous strata at Bugin Tsav, Trans-Altai Gobi, Mongolia. N. gobiensis is assigned within the Oviraptorosauria based on the following characters: pneumatized caudal vertebrae, posteriorly concave ischium, and deep cervicodorsal hypapophyses. This specimen has been previously partially described without being formally named (Barsbold et al. 2000).
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