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Badania nad efektywnością ekonomiczną zastosowanych pestycydów w pszenicy ozimej w latach 2007-2008 wykonano w Boguchwale. Średnie porażenie powierzchni liści przez choroby pszenicy wyniosło odpowiednio 85,2 i 75,8%, a uszkodzenie przez szkodniki - 34,3%. Skuteczność zastosowanych środków grzybobójczych wyniosła od 17,4 do 89,9%, a insektycydów od 73,4 do 90,4%. Nadwyżka produkcji wahała się od 217 do 1393 PLN·ha-1. Wskaźnik pokrycia kosztów wyniósł od 1,4 do 5,1, a wskaźnik opłacalności zabiegów od 1,0 do 7.4. Procentowy wskaźnik kosztów wahał się od 1,1 do 7,4.
The object of the research was susceptibility of field bean to grain damage caused by larvae of Bruchus rufimanus Boh. The research was conducted in 2005–2007. Field experiments were designed with standard randomized block in four replications including 8 field bean cultivars. The highest percentage of damaged grain was recorded on the cultivar Martin 25.6% in 2005, and on cultivars Martin and Bobas in 2006, respectively 27.2 and 22.7%. In 2007 the highest grain damage 79% was shown on the cultivar Bobas. The lowest percentage rame of grain damage was recorded on the cultivar Leo in 2005 and 2006 amounted to 2.2 and 7.2% respectively, and in 2007 on cultivars Leo 40.2% and Nadwiślański 42.0%. The average yield of field bean ranged from 27.6 to 65.5 dt/ha in the analyzed period of the rescarch.
The research carried out in 2004 and 2006 focused on the effectiveness of chemical control of gout fly (Chlorops pumilionis Bjerk.), and the influence of selected insecticides used at various stages of spring wheat growth on economic results of treatments. Spring generation of gout fly caused damage from 11.4 to 60.2% of stems. The applied insecticides demonstrated effectiveness ranging from 45.5 to 100%. The wheat grain yield increased by 0.08 t/ha to 1.2 t/ha, at 9.3% on average. Slightly lower effects were achieved when insecticides were applied at the first date of pest control. Control measures applied at the second date differed more considerably with respect to their effectiveness and grain yield increase.
The experiment was carried out on spring wheat in Boguchwała in 2007–2008. The aim of the studies was to estimate susceptibility of different wheat cultivars to damage caused by a spring generation of the gout fly (Chlorops pumilionis Bjerk.). The conducted analyses covered 15 spring wheat cultivars: Bombona, Bryza, Hewilla, Katoda, Koksa, Monsun, Nawra, Parabola, Radunia, Laweta, Trappe, Tybalt, Waluta, Zadra, and Żura. The degree of plant damage was estimated by percentage of damage plants. All examined cultivars were damage by the gout fly, and the percentage of damage was different for particular cultivars. The highest percentage values were recorded for cultivars Bryza and Monsun, with 51.9% and 45.7% shank damage respectively. The lowest percentage of injured necks was stated for the cultivars Hewilla and Żura (4.5% and 5.8%).
In 1999-2001, studies were carried out in spring barley with the aim to evaluate the efficacy as well as practical and economic effectiveness of fungicide application to control fungal diseases. The following fungicides were used: prochloraz 30% + carbendazim 8%; flusilazole 12.5% + carbendazim 25%; azoxystrobin 25%; kresoxim-methyl 12.5% + epoxyconazole 12.5%; tridemorf 37.5% + li'epoxyconazole 12.5%; fluquinconazole 10%; metconazole 6%. The infection of barley leaf surface with fungal diseases ranged from 41.3% to 60.1 %. The tested chemicals showed high effectiveness amounting to 31.6% - 92.3%, on average, to 73.9%. All applied fungicides contributed to the seed yield increase from 0.32 t/ha 1.28 t/ha, on average, to 0.8 t/ha. The defrayal index ranged from 0.9 to 2.4, 'bile the index of chemical treatment profitability - from 2.7 to 9.2.
The studies on a population and economic effectiveness of insecticides in control of aphids in spring barley were conducted in Boguchwała in the years 2010–2012. The aphid population reached its maximum in the third decade of May or the first half of June, at the flag leaf stage (BBCH 37–41) in the spring barley. In 2012, the aphids were very numerous, reaching an average number of 10.5 individuals per stalk in spring barley. In 2011–2012, all formulations used in the experiments were characterised by a high effectiveness in aphids control in the spring barley. The increase in the barley yield ranged from 4.0 to 9.6 dt/ha. The value of saved barley yield ranged from 304 to 799 PLN per ha. The contribution ratio ranged from 3.4 to 9.1, 6.6 on average. The profitability ratio for barley treatment was 1.1. The percentage cost ratio ranged from 1.5 to 1.6.
The research on the biological and economic effectiveness of the application insecticides in controlling of cereal leaf beetles larvae in triticale was carried out in 2008–2009. The Talstar 100 EC, Karate Zeon 050 CS and Cyperkill Super 25 EC pesticides appeared most effective in the studies on chemical control of leaf beetle larvae. The chemical control of leaf beetle larvae caused the increase triticale grain yield, ranging from 3.6 dt/ha to 6.9 dt/ha, i.e. 5.5 dt/ha on average. The defrayal index ranged from 1.7 do 5.2, while index of profitability ranged from 1.1 to 3.0. The average per cent cost coefficient was 2.4.
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