Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 37

Liczba wyników na stronie
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 2 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników

Wyniki wyszukiwania

help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 2 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
Domański, Ś., Przekop, F., Chomicka, L. and Ostrowska, A.: Effect of stress on the course of oestrous cycle and the release of luteinizing hormone; the role of endorphin in these processes. Acta physiol. pol., 1989, 40 (1); 64-73. It has been postulated that stress induces discoirelafions of the hypothalamoHpituitary and pituitary gonadal axis. In our experiments on the effect of stress on the reproductive physiology in rats and sheep we applied mild electrical footshocking of short or prolonged duration. Foot- shocking applied with some breaks during 9 h within one a day (15th day of the oestrous cycle) induced in ewes acceleration of the release of LH Prolonged footshocking applied with some breaks during 3 days in cycling sheep caused disturbances in the circadian rhythm of the cortisol secretion, disturbances in the release of LH and led to the blockade of ovulation. Disturbances in the course of oestrous cycle occurred not only during the current cycle but also during two subsequent cycles. Rats exposed to relatively long-term stressful situation .(24 h) during dioestrous displayed marked changes in the length of this phase in three subsequent post-stress oestrous cycles. To follow the neurohormonal background of the stress-induced disturbances in LH release and in the course of oestrous cycle in sheep the concentrations of β -endorphin (β -END) in the infundibular and paraventricular nuclei as wolf as in the pituitary gland under physiological and stress conditions were determined, while in rats the metabolism of brain serotonin was investigated. Footshocking in rats induced significant decrease in 5-HT concentrations in the fronto-parietal brain cortex, hippocampus, striatum, medial basal hypothalamus and the preoptdc-anterior hypothalamic area. These results allow to suggest that the decline in brain 5-HT under stress conditions has some'associations with the impairments in the course of oestrous cycle. Measurements of the β -END in perfusates of medial basal hypothalamus (auch infundiibuliaris) in sheep evidenced significant increase of this opioid under stress conditions and it was postulated that this increase might be the main cause of the stress-induced impairments in the course of oestrous cycle and inhibition of LH-release. In addition, it was found that ß-END suppressed the secretion of cortisol and attenuated some noxious consequences of general nature for organism.
This review briefly summarizes recent findings on lactotrophs in the pituitary gland and extrapituitary tissues as a no homologous group cell types of different embryonic origin, morphology and biological function. They display a remarkable adaptation to altered physiological condition. Their functions are derived from structural polymorphism, local synthesis, divergent intracellular signaling pathways and target genes. Most of them are heterogenous with respect to basal hormone release, electrical activity and responsiveness to stimulatory/inhibitory factors, depending upon gender and physiological state of animal. The circulating prolactin (PRL) produced by many types of lactotrophs can act in edocrine/paracrine/autocrine manner, respectively as a hormone, growth factor, neurotransmitter or immunoregulator. At the cellular level PRL exerts mitogenic, morphogenic and secretory activity. Numerous factors of the central and peripheral origin are involved in the mechanism regulating PRL secretion, causing an increase or decrease of the hormone concentration in the circulation. The certain feedback mechanism keep the pituitary lactotrophs to be not overactive
One of the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the control of gonadoliberin (GnRH) secretion is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). To examine the role of GABAA receptor mediating systems in the control of GnRH/LH release from the preoptic area and ventromedial hypothalamus of ewes in different reproductive stages (seasonal anestrus, follicular and luteal phase of the estrous cycle) the extracellular concentration of GnRH, ß-endorphin, noradrenaline, dopamine and metabolites of catecholamines: MHPG, DOPAC were quantified during local stimulation or blockade of GABAA receptors with muscimol or bicuculline, respectively. Stimulation of GABAA receptors in the preoptic area and ventromedial hypothalamus markedly attenuatted GnRH/LH release in the anestrous ewes and in sheep during follicular phase of the estrous cycle but did not affect these hormones secretion in animals during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle. The activation of GABAA receptors in these structures in different way affected ß-endorphinergic and catecholaininergic system activity in anestrous ewes arid animals during the follicular phase; lack of changes in the release of ß-endorphin, noradrenaline and dopamine was noted in ewes during the luteal phase. With the exception of preoptic area in anestrous ewes the blockade of GABAA receptors in the preoptic and ventromedial hypothalamus affected in specifical way the activity of ß-endorphinergic and catecholaminergic systems in these structure in all animals. In conclusion: presented results indicate that activation of GABAA receptors in the preoptic area and ventromedial hypothalamus of anestrous ewes and sheep during follicular phase of the estrous cycle inhibits GnRH/LH secretion. Presented results indicate that different neural mechanisms may be involved in the suppression of GnRH/LH by GABA directly through the GABAA receptor mechanism on the perikaria or on the axon terminals of GnRH cells, and/or indirectly through GABAA receptor processes on ß-endorphinergic and catecholaminergic systems. Lack of changes in GnRH/LH release during GABAA receptor activation in ewes during luteal phase of the estrous cycle indicates that the influence of GABA on GnRH-ergic activity depends on physiological state of animals. Blockade of GABAA receptors in the anestrous and cycling ewes does not change GnRH/LH release; it is suggested that blockade of GABAA recreceptors may change GnRH neurons response to ß-endorphin and dopamine.
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 2 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.