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Osiągnięcia w hodowli mieszańców ×Festulolium

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The aim of this work was to analyze the achievements of ×Festulolium breeding. On the basis of a thorough review of both domestic and foreign literature on the subject as well as our own experiences from investigations carried out at the Szelejewo Plant Breeding Station Ltd. in 2005–2010, the authors analyzed the actual status and perspectives of breeding works concerning ×Festulolium. It turned out that in the breeding of ×Festulolium hybrids significant progress in the global context was achieved. Currently 38 cultivars of ×Festulolium hybrids on the OECD are registered and 34 cultivars in EU common catalogue are recorded. From the point of view of the number of gained cultivars the highest interest of breeding is focusing on Festulolium braunii hybrids obtained from Lolium multiflorum × Festuca pratensis crossing on the basis of amfiploidization and introgressive hybrids of Festulolium pabulare obtained from crossing between Lolium multiflorum (2x) × Festuca arundinacea var. genuina (6x).
Field experiments were conducted in 2006–2007 to investigate the influence of selected growth regulators on seed yield of Festulolium braunii cv. Felopa in the first and second year of utilization. Moddus 250 EC (trinexapac ethyl) applied at the dose of 0.6 l/ha at flag leaf stage was found to be most effective. Its application in the first year of utilization increased seed yield by 22.1–31.0% and in the second year by 9.6–25.4% in comparison with the check treatment. The applied growth regulators had a significant effect on decreasing of shoots height and higher seed setting efficiency. The application of growth regulators had no negative effect on germination capacity of F. braunii cv. Felopa.
Investigations were carried out in 2008–2009 to assess the rachilla tensile strength and seed retention strength in spikelets of various Festulolium braunii genotypes depending on their growth stages. The cultivars (Felopa, Sulino and Agula) and breeding materials were used. With the aid of a special testing machine, retention strength of successive flowers/kernels in spikelets as well as strength required to rachilla breaking of selected spikelets were determined. It was found that the examined Festulolium braunii genotypes were characterised by specificity regarding seed retention strength in spikelets. This biological feature was smaller for top flowers/kernels and increased with the movement down the spikelet. It was found that in the examined genotypes of Festulolium braunii the seed retention strength in spikelets in the analysed consecutive growth stages was smallest in spikelets situated in the upper part of the inflorescence and the highest in the lower part.
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