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Fructooligosaccharide additives to pig diets may enhance the proportion of short-chain organic acid in the distal digestive tract and the more efficient use of some nutrients by changing the structure and activity of intestinal villi. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of inulin or inulin-containing plant powder on volatile fatty acid levels in the cecal digesta and the final portion of the large intestine, as well as the assessment of changes in the intestine histology. The study involved 120 growers of 30.0 ± 0.5 kg body weight (BW) allocated into 5 treatment groups. The animals were fed ad libitum with complete diets for growers (30-70 kg) and finishers (71-115 kg). At slaughter, the content samples and specimens of the cecum and colon were taken for laboratory evaluation. More significant differences were reported for volatile fatty acid content in the cecum as compared to the distal colon. The dietary supplementation of inulin was found to increase the jejunal villus height (water-alcohol extraction) and thickness of muscularis externa (water extraction). The addition of inulin or dried plants containing inulin induced changes in short chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentration, mainly through propionic acid concentration.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fish meal and mineral-vitamin premix, supplementing organic diets, on the performance of pigs and some meat and blood characteristics. The experiment was conducted on an organic pig fattening farm. The study involved 120 pigs with an approximate 25 kg body weight. Animals were divided into 3 groups, kept in pens, 10 animals each. Group I (control) animals were fed with plant feedstuffs of organic origin. Diets for group II and III were enriched with fish meal or fish meal and vitamin-mineral premix, respectively. The experiment was carried out till pigs reached a weight of 115 kg. Feed samples were subjected to laboratory analyses. Body weight (3 times) and feed intake were recorded. Blood samples were collected (2 times) to determine hematological and biochemical indices. Some parameters in meat samples were also determined. The fish meal addition improved (P ≤ 0.05) the average daily gains as well as feed conversion ratio during fattening period and mineral-vitamin premix significantly (P ≤ 0.05) fortified fish meal influence. Fish meal supplement improved (P ≤ 0.05) also some carcass characteristics. Supplementation of the diet with premix additionally decreased (P ≤ 0.05) backfat thickness and increased share of meat in carcass. Fish meal improved (P ≤ 0.05) some meat characteristics and elevated content of some polyunsaturated fatty acids. An increase in hemoglobin, red blood cell, white blood cell and cholesterol level in blood of animals from both experimental groups were also found. The results obtained proved the usefulness of fish meal and mineral-vitamin premix in the fatteners nutrition based on organic diets.
The research objective was to assess the influence of a dietary inulin supplement (the way of obtaining it and its level) on chosen lipid parameters in fattener blood plasma as well as on volatile fatty acid content in the cecum and colon. The experimental trial involved 140 growers, (PL × PLW) × Duroc crossbred pigs, with an initial body weight of 29.0 ± 0.5 kg, and assigning them into 7 diet groups. Group I was the control group; the others had diets supplemented with 1%, 2% and 3% inulin (water extract in group II-IV and water-alcohol extract in V-VII groups). Blood samples for examination were collected three times during the fattening period (at 40, 70 and 100 kg BW). Large bowel contents obtained at animal slaughter made it possible to determine the volatile fatty acid level and pH. The blood plasma was examined to establish the content of triacylglycerols, total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein fraction (HDL). Inclusion of the investigated prebiotic has affected the level of some volatile fatty acids in the bowel contents. The group with 3% water-alcohol inulin extract supplementation showed increased concentration of acetic, isobutyric and butyric acid (cecum) as well as acetic and butyric acid (colon). Throughout the whole fattening period, an increase was observed in (p ≤ 0.01) HDL cholesterol fraction in each diet group with inulin additive (II-VII), i.e. by 48, 49, 44, 47, 41 and 40%, respectively, as compared to the control (I). On the other hand a decrease (p ≤ 0.01) of triacylglycerols content was noted in group II and VII in comparison to the control group. All the fatteners fed mixtures containing inulin had a lower total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio in comparison to the control group (p ≤ 0.01). The key findings of the study have shown that an increased inulin level positively affected the chosen lipid parameters in fattener blood plasma as well as the production of short-chain fatty acids in the large intestine. However, no substantial influence of an inulin extraction method on the studied parameters was noted.
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of inulin or dandelion, chicory and Jerusalem artichoke powder on lipid indices and fatty acid profile in fattener tissues. The experiment involved 120 crossbred pigs (PL × PLW) × Duroc with an initial body weight of 25.0 ± 0.5 kg. Animals were assigned into 6 groups. A diet for group I (control) did not comprise an inulin additive, group II and III received 2% inulin (water or water-alcohol extraction of inulin from chicory root, respectively), while the mixtures for group IV, V and VI contained 4% root powder from Jerusalem artichoke (topinambur), chicory or dandelion, respectively. The animals were slaughtered at 115 kg body weight. The samples of blood, liver and the muscle longissimus dorsi tissues as well as whole hearts were collected for analysis. Fatty acid profile, some lipid indices and crude fat and cholesterol content were evaluated. Dietary supplement of 40 g dandelion powder resulted in preferable significant changes in the blood lipid indices and fatty acids composition (increased PUFA share and decreased n-6/n-3 ratio).
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of an inulin source (aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic extract, dried chicory root, or dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers) on piglet performance, plasma lipid profile, and immunoglobulin concentration. The study was conducted on 534 piglets (44 litters) allocated to five nutritional groups: group I (control) - fed basal diet, groups II and III receiving basal diet supplemented with 2% of inulin (aqueous and aqueous-alcoholic extract respectively), and groups IV and V - 4% additive of dried artichoke or dried chicory respectively. During the trial, piglets' body weight, feed intake, diarrhoea incidence, and mortalit) were controlled. Blood samples were collected twice from six animals of each group. In blood plasma, indices of lipid profile and concentrations of IgA, IgG and IgM were measured. The addition of inulin, regardless of its form (extracts or dried plants), significantly improved the rearing indices. In piglets of groups III, IV and V a significant improvement of daily weight gains and feed efficiency was noted. Inulin showed hypolipidemic activity (lowered total cholesterol level) and stimulated piglet immune system manifested by elevated IgA and IgG concentrations. Irrespective of the inulin source, a lower mortality rate resulting from the improvement of animal health was noted in all experimental groups.
The levels of luminol enhanced chemiluminescence in samples of udder secretion and blood taken from healthy cows as well as from cows with subclinical mastitis were examined. Luminometer 1251 and computer programme LKB Pharmacia were used to conduct the study. The spontaneous and zymosan inducted chemiluminescence was directly related with the somatic cell count in milk or PMNs count in blood. However, the capacity of single cells for to creating reactive oxygen metabolites in milk from healthy cows and in blood taken from cows with the subclinical form of mastitis was the highest. The coefficient (mV/10⁵ milk somatic cells or blood granulocytes) of both spontaneous and zymosan inducted chemiluminescence was the lowest in secretions taken from clinically inflamed udders.
The aim of this study was to establish the effect of different concentrations of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by phagocyting cells. A method of chemiluminescence level measurement was used. Acetylsalicylic acid depressed spontaneous and zymosan-induced chemiluminescence in whole blood samples and in secretion from inflamed udder samples in concentrations of 500 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml. ASA in a concentration of 50 μg/ml increased the chemiluminescence level in whole blood taken from healthy cows.
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