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Fermented tea broth (known as Kombucha) has been used for ages in many countries, especially in Japan, Russia, China and Eastern Europe. Nowadays, this beverage is generally regarded a universal natural medicament having a strengthening effect on the human body. Kombucha beverage is popular because of its favourable effect on human health. Its composition includes: B vitamins, C vitamin, mineral components and organic acids. It is believed that Kombucha decreases the risk of cancer, prevents circulation disorders, improves the function of the digestive system, mitigates inflammatory conditions and has a favourable effect on the skin, hair and nails. The composition and properties of tea are well documented. Regrettably, the scientific information on the composition, effect on human body and properties of Kombucha is sparse. The goal of this paper is to present the properties and composition of Kombucha beverage as well as its biological activity and potential favourable effect on the human body.
The adrenal glands from 15 guinea pigs aged 90 days were used in the study. Paraffin slices were stained with Mayer haematoxylin and eosin with Masson method and silvered. The histochemical reactions were carried out for catecholamines and the biochemical determinations of catecholamines. Ultrastructural observations were also performed. In the adrenal medulla of sexually mature guinea pigs numerous epinephrocites and no noreoinefrocites were observed when histochemical methods were used. The small and large ganglion cells accompanying the supporting and neurolemmal cells formed typical gangliar weaving (medullary ganglia). Apart from epinephrocytes, small and large ganglion cells and supporting and neurolemmal cells, small intensively fluorescent (SIF) cells were also detected. Biochemical investigation revealed that the mean content of adrenaline calculated for a pair of adrenal glands was 98.87% of the pool of catecholamines, whereas the mean content of noradrenaline was 1.00%, and of dopamine 0.13%.
The aim of the study was to find out the potential prognostic value of proliferation activity and apoptosis in cholesteatoma and granulation tissue removed during middle ear reoperation in recurrent middle ear inflammation. Granulation tissues and recurrent cholesteatoma were analysed after being surgically removed from the middle ear in a group of 25 patients qualified for middle ear reoperation procedure. Paraffin sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin according to Mallory’s method. Immunohistochemical reaction Anti-PCNA was performed. Apoptosis was evaluated using the TUNEL method. The percentage of PCNA-positive cells was 42–95% in the matrix of the cholesteatoma and 29–81% in the perimatrix. In the granulation tissue it was 35–75%. The percentage of apoptotic cells was 12–73% in the matrix of the cholesteatoma, 5–72% in the perimatrix and 1–65 % in the granulation tissue. The prognostic value of the parameters studied in the recurrent middle ear inflammatory process is questionable, probably due to the small number of cases under examination.
Radio- and chemotherapy for malignant neoplasms, especially in head and neck region, is associated with a greater risk of fungal infections due to secondary alterations in the mucous membranes. The study had three aims: 1. to determine the signs and symptoms which occur among patients undergoing radiotherapy; 2. to determine the fungi prevalence in the mouth and throat of patients before, during and after radiotherapy; 3. to examine the sensitivity of strains to antimycotic drugs. The study comprised 44 patients (11 female, 33 male) with head and neck cancers, examined at the following stages: before radiotherapy (44 patients – batch 1), 3rd week of therapy (30 of the 44 patients – batch 2), last day of therapy (28 of batch 2 – batch 3) and the 6th week after completion of radiotherapy (10 of batch 3 – batch 4). Clinical examination was performed and mycological status was estimated from an oral rinse on a selected medium. The fungal strains were isolated and sensitivity to antifungal drugs was determined. The most common symptoms were pain, dysphagia, and dysgeusia. Physical examination revealed signs of mucositis mainly among patients from batches 2 and 3. The presence of fungi in the mouth and throat was noted in over 2/3 (66.2%) of the patients from batch 1, and in 4/5 (80%) of batch 2. The fungi were detected in over half (57.1%) of patients from batch 3 and also in patients from batch 4. In all cases, fungi of various Candida species were identified: 6 species in batch 1, 8 in batch 2, 6 in batch 3 and 5 in batch 4. The most frequently detected species was C. albicans, constituting 40–60%; the other species detected are known to be resistant to antimycotic drugs. The isolated strains were the most sensitive to nystatin and miconazole, and the least to ketoconazole and fluconazole. Conclusions: 1. Patients undergoing radiotherapy complain of pain, dysphagia, and dysgeusia; in most cases mucositis is diagnosed. 2. The high prevalence of fungi in the mouth and throat of patients treated by radiotherapy reinforces the need to perform mycological examinations in this group of patients to detect fungi, identify their species and determine of their sensitivity to drugs in order to prevent complications. 3. The species most frequently isolated from the patients are C. albicans and C. glabrata. The latter is characterized by resistance to the majority of antimycotic medications. 4. Most of the isolated strains are sensitive to nystatin and miconazole (applied locally) and to itraconazole (absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract).
The aim of the study was to determine the relation between involution of the FZ and the proliferation and apoptosis of the adrenal cortex cells. The study was carried out with adrenal glands from guinea pigs aged 1, 3, 9, 14, 21, 35 and 90 days. Paraffin slices were stained with Mayer haematoxylin and eosin and with acid fuchsin. For the immunohistochemical reaction the Anti- -PCNA Clone PC10 (Dako) was used. Apoptosis evaluation was performed with use of the TUNEL method (Roche). The results support the theory of involution of the FZ cells realised mainly by way of apoptosis. Analysis of the distribution and number of PCNA-positive cells in the adrenal cortex on subsequent days of PD may also back up the migration theory of renewal of the adrenal cortex cells.
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