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The aim of the study was to assess the influence of the oestrous cycle phase on neutrophil secretory activity and to extrapolate it to susceptibility to uterine infections. The obtained results indicate that the highest enzyme release seen in the late follicular phase (elastase release was 42.18 ±3.11% of maximal release, myeloperoxidase was 45.0 ±5.12%, and alkaline phosphatase was 44.75 ±9.0%) was related to the level of 17ß-oestradiol in plasma. Similarly, a free radical generation was also the most enhanced during this phase. Significantly lower values were obtained from sows during the luteal phase in regard to both enzyme release (36.62 ±3.58% for elastase, 27.87 ±8.7% for myeloperoxidase, and 22.12 ±2.4% for alkaline phosphatase), and that of free radicals (2.28 ±1.6 µM/10⁶ cells for nitric oxide and 2.47 ±0.6 nM/10⁶ cells for superoxide).
The possible role of coagulatory disorders in pathogenesis of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (Lepo) and osteochondrosis (OC) was examined. A decrease in protein C level in dogs with LCPD (94.31±4.74%) in comparison with healthy dogs (95.8±6.35%) was observed. Moreover, in OC affected animals, the value varied between 92.25±2.5% and 94.33±5.5%. The mean plasma fibrinogen level in control group was 2.69±0.65 mg/mL, whereas in OC groups significantly higher values were found. Platelets number varied between individuals but was within normal range in all groups. Taking into account a decrease in protein C plasma level and an increase in fibrinogen concentration, the relationship between developmental diseases and coagulation disorders was revealed in dogs.
The aim of the work was to determine monensin, narasin hepatotoxicity and the nature of cell death. Rat hepatocyte model cell line (FAO) was used to investigate two ionophore antibiotic cytotoxic effects estimated by MTT, NRU and KB tests approved by INVITTOX. Additionally, the apoptotic/necrotic nature of cell death was determined by propiodine iodide and HO 342 staining of the cultured hapatocytes. IC₅₀ indices for monensin and narasine estimated by using the MTT test during a 24 hour incubation period were at a level of 0,027 ± 0,001 µM and 0,037 ± 0,001 µM, respectively. However, an incubation period of 48 hrs yielded an equal value - 0,02 µM - for both ionophores. Contrary to the MTT test, NRU and KB estimations demonstrated lower IC₅₀ values for narasine than for monensin. These results correlated to in-vivo acute toxicity and LD₅₀ indices in rats (data from references). The apoptotic nature of hepatocyte death dominated in the cultures. The article also discussed the mechanisms of ionophore induced cytotoxicity.
Ketogenic diet (KD) is considered in the context of its anti-epileptic effects, but its influence on liver dysfunction has not been elucidated yet. The study was aimed to investigate the activity of hepatocytes (Hep) and hepatic stellate cells (HSC) isolated from rats fed with KD, in respect of NO and superoxide generation by these cells as well as their proliferative activity in vitro. We also sought to characterize the plasma FFA profiles in control and ketogenic rats. Hep and HSC were isolated by the collagenase perfusion method and separated by the Percoll gradient centrifugation. After the 4th, 8th and 12th day of incubation, the media were collected for further analysis. NO generation increased within the time of incubation both in Hep and HSC isolated from KD-rats. In HSC group NO production raised significantly from 2.65 ± 0.07 μM/10⁶ cells on 4th day of incubation to 5.49 ± 1.2 μM/10⁶ cells on 12th day of incubation. In respect to O₂-. generation experimental Hep and HSC provide considerably higher quantities of this free radical. until 12th day of incubation (2.5 ± 0.07 and 3.2 ± 0.3 nM/10⁶ cells, respectively). Although KD exerts anti-proliferative effect on hepatocytes, in respect to HSC it intensifies their proliferative activity. Furthermore, as we estimated on the basis of NO and O₂-. generation both Hep and HSC exposed to KD are the source of free radicals.
According to recent research, during transportation stress, many organs, including skeletal muscles, undergo rapid and extensive adaptive changes, resulting among others in the expression of myokines. This response may evoke systemic inflammation reflected by changes in the cytokine profile. The aim of our study was to assess changes in plasma concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and adiponectin in response to long- and short-distance transportation of young and middle-aged horses. The study was conducted on 24 cold-blooded female horses divided into four groups. Six fillies aged 6-18 months and six mares aged 10-12 years were transported over a distance of about 550 km, whereas six fillies aged 6-18 months and six mares aged 10-12 years were transported over a distance of about 50 km. Plasma was obtained from blood samples taken before transportation (T0), immediately after transportation (T1) and at an abattoir during slaughter (T2). Plasma concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and adiponectin were measured with ELISA kits. The highest concentration of IL-6 was found in fillies after long-distance transportation during slaughter: it amounted to 978 ± 98 pg/ml, compared with 400 ± 90.60 pg/ml before transportation. The IL-8 level was maximal during slaughter (T2) in all groups, and was higher in older horses and after long-distance transportation than in fillies and after short-distance transportation. A significant change in adiponectin level was found only in the group of fillies after long-distance transportation. We demonstrated that during transportation stress, the concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 increased in the blood of horses examined, and this response was more pronounced during slaughter. The concentration of adiponectin, on the other hand, increased significantly in fillies after long-distance transportation.
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