Nothapodytes nimmoniana (J. Graham) (Icacinaceae), commonly known as Amruta is found in India particularly in Maharashtra, Goa, Kerala, Assam, Jammu and Kashmir as well as Tamilnadu areas. It is an important medicinal plant, the major source of a potent alkaloid, namely camptothecin, of a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities like anti-cancer, anti-HIV, antimalarial, antibacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal and also applied in the treatment of anaemia. Camptothecin is still not synthesized, therefore, its production entirely depends on natural sources. N. nimmoniana is one such plant which yields contain camptothecin in significantly high amount. The plant is gaining international recognition due to its diversified medicinal uses. It is subjected to excessive harvest. It has been categorized as a vulnerable and endangered plant. The present review encompasses the phytochemical, analytical, pharmacological, biotechnological, and other specific aspects of N. nimmoniana.
Mangiferin, a C-glucopyranoside of 1, 3, 6, 7-tetrahydroxyxanthone, has been isolated from various parts of Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae). The conclusive structure of mangiferin has been established by various researchers using a wide range of chemical and spectral analytical techniques. Mangiferin has been traditionally used in some parts of world as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antioxidant, immunomodulator, antitumor, antiviral, and anthelminthic and in obesity treatment. The present article is an attempt to encompass various aspects and details related to the characterization of mangiferin and its subsequent pharmacological screening. The literature data on mangiferin has been comprehensively reviewed and evaluated by the authors and hence, the article contains brief description of phytochemical and pharmacological investigations conducted on mangiferin till now and thus may prove as a guiding force for further research in this particular area.
Phenolic compounds form one of the main classes of secondary metabolites. They display a large range of structures and are responsible for the major organoleptic characteristics of plant-derived foods and beverages, particularly color and taste properties. They also contribute to the nutritional qualities of fruits and vegetables. Among these compounds, flavonoids constitute one of the most prevailing groups among plant phenolics. Owing to their importance in food organoleptic properties and human health, a better understanding of their structures and biological activities indicates their potentials as therapeutic agents and also for predicting and controlling food quality. Due to the variety of pharmacological activities in the mammalian body, flavonoids are more correctly referred as “nutraceuticals”.
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