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1

Survey of residual pesticides in various fresh fruit crops: a case study

100%
Qamar A., Asi R., Iqbal M., Nazir A., Arif K.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2017
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tom 26
|
nr 6
An in-vitro study was conducted to estimate the pesticidal residues in five types of fruits; melon, guava, orange, peach, and mango. Organochlorine, organophosphate, carbamates, and pyrethroids, along with other insecticidal residues, were detected. The collection of samples was carried out from farmland located in the indigenous soil of Faisalabad and Toba Tek Singh. The residual pesticides were extracted by single-phase extraction and then purified by the gel permeation chromatographic technique. The extracted residues were isolated and quantified by HPTLC method. The detected residues were in the range of 0.1-0.3 mg kg⁻¹. The study demonstrated a high risk of ongoing contamination posed by uncontrolled applications of pesticides, which are needed to be overcome on the lines of sustainable management measures.
2

Variations in the physicochemical profilevof Khushab coal under various environmental conditions

86%
Amjed N., Bhatti I. A., Arif K., Iqbal M., Nazir A., Zahid M.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2018
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tom 27
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nr 3
This work illustrates the proximate analysis on three types of coal samples obtained from Khushab mines in Pakistan. Analysis of the coal matrix was carried out to determine volatile matter, ash contents, moisture, fixed carbon contents, calorific values, and sulfur contents as per standards of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). The results of proximate analysis show 30.46% fixed carbon content, 28.08% ash content, 6.96% total moisture content, and 34.5% volatile matter within sample A, whereas 40.56% volatile matter, 8.03% moisture content, 8.32% ash and 30.46% fixed carbon content was found in sample B. Sample C contained 15.44% volatile matter, 9.16% moisture content, 40.64% ash content, and 37.5% fixed carbon content, respectively. Sample B has higher calorific value and sulphur contents in comparison to A and C. These coal samples are of good quality from an industrial prospective, but they need to be desulphurized prior to industrial use for the sake of the environment.
3

Role of graph theory to facilitate landscape connectivity: subdivision of a Harary Graph

86%
Arif K., Afzal Z., Nadeem M., Ahmad B., Mahmood A., Iqbal M., Nazir A.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2018
|
tom 27
|
nr 3
This work focuses on mapping landscape connectivity by making use of a subdivision of a Harary graph through super edge antimagic total labeling. This study employs a Harary graph by inserting h vertices in each edge, where h = 2n, n ≥ 1 using the super (a, 2) edge antimagic total labeling and labeling the vertices and edges by taking the difference of arithmetic progression as 2 i.e. d = 2. We divided this paper into two parts. In first part, when the order of the subdivided harary graphs p varies then the distance t will remain the same, while in the other part, when the order p varies then distance t will also vary.
4

Statistical modeling for the extraction of dye from natural source and industrial applications

72%
Jabeen S., Ali S., Nadeem M., Arif K., Quereshi N., Shar G. A., Soomro G. A., Iqbal M., Nazir A., Siddiqua U. H.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2019
|
tom 28
|
nr 4
This study is intended to scrutinize the consequence of extraction conditions of Lawsonia Inermis (henna) leaves on the color strength values of dyed fabric. Extraction pH, M:L ratio, and time were optimized using central composite design (CCD) under response surface methodology (RSM). We investigated how the maximum colour strength values were obtained at pH 6.64 in about 78 minutes extraction with an M:L ratio of 1:44. ANOVA results showed that all the extraction parameters significantly affect the colour strength values of dyed samples. 99% variation in the response was indicated in the 2nd-order regression equation for K/S. The fastness properties with respect to light, washing, and rubbing were quite satisfactory of dyed samples under optimized extraction conditions.
5

Estimating total phenolics in Taraxacum officinale (L.) extracts

59%
Khan A. S., Arif K., Munir B., Kiran S., Jalal F., Qureshi N., Hassan S. M., Soomro G. A., Nazir A., Ghaffar A., Tahir M. A., Iqbal M.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2019
|
tom 28
|
nr 1
This study focuses on evaluating total phenolic contents (TPC) in Taraxacum officinale (L.), a member of the family Asteraceae (compositae). The TPC were estimated by Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent and gallic acid was taken as standard. The amount of phenolics was communicated as gallic acid equivalent (GAE). The TPC varied from 41.47 mg/g to 691.6 mg/g in the Taraxacum officinale (L.) extracts. The maximum phenolic contents were found in hydro-alcoholic extract (691.6 mg/g GAE) in comparison with aqueous extract. These extracts have a significant role as antibacterial and antimicrobial agents.
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