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The world-wide research on ship-aided dispersal of marine organisms and invasions of non-indigenous species focuses primarily on the plankters, which show the greatest potential for invading new areas and establishing viable populations in them, either in the water column (holoplankton) or on the bottom (meroplanktonic larvae of benthic species settling on the sea floor). As meiobenthic animals usually lack a pelagic larval stage in their life cycle, no biological invasion study has, to our knowledge, ever specifically targeted marine transport as a means of meiofaunal dispersal. Here we present a set of data showing that the sediment deposited in a ship’s ballast water tank does support a viable meiobenthic assemblage. We examined 0.015-dm3 aliquots of a 1 dm3 sample from a c. 1.5-cm thick layer of sediment residue in the ballast tank of MS Donnington, brought to the ‘Gryfia’ Repair Shipyard in Szczecin (Poland). The samples were found to contain representatives of calcareous Foraminifera, hydrozoans, nematodes, turbellarians, harpacticoid copepods and their nauplii, and cladocerans, as well as meiobenthic-sized bivalves and gastropods. Nematodes proved to be the most constant and most numerous component of the assemblage. The sediment portions examined revealed the presence of 1–11 individuals representing 11 marine nematode genera. The viability of the meiobenthic assemblage was evidenced by the presence of ovigerous females of both nematodes and harpacticoids. Survival of the meiobenthos in shipborne ballast tank sediment residues may provide at least a partial explanation for the cosmopolitan distribution of meiobenthic taxa and may underlie the successful colonisation of new habitats by invasive meiofaunal species.
The authors investigated the mycoflora developing on the dead specimens of Pallasea quadrispinosa from Lake Hańcza. Water for experiments was collected from four different bodies of water: Hańcza Lake, Wigry Lake, Supraśl River and Fosa Pond. A total of 41 zoosporic fungus species were found to grow on the dead of Pallasea quadrispinosa specimens, including 17 species inducing mycosis in a number of freshwater specimens, including 17 species inducing mycosis in a number of freshwater fish species: Achlya debaryana, A. diffusa, A. dubia, A. klebsiana, A. orion, A. polyandra, A. prolifera, A. proliferoides, Aphanomyces laevis, Dictyuchus monosporus, Leptolegnia caudata, Saprolegnia delica, S. ferax, S. hypogyna, S monoica, S. parasitica and and Thraustotheca clavata. Aphanomyces astaci as a parasite of noble as a parasite of noble crayfish, causing the so called crayfish plague, was also observed on Pallasea quadrispinosa.
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