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The experimental materials comprised 400 Ross 308 chickens (200 ♂ and 200 ♀), divided randomly into four groups kept in 16 pens, as follows: a negative control group (I) – a diet without additives, a positive control group (II) – a diet supplemented with a combination of the antibiotic growth promoter flavomycin (10 mg kg⁻¹ feed) and the coccidiostat robenidine (500 mg kg⁻¹ starter and grower feed), and two experimental groups – diets supplemented with chemically standardized propolis – 10 mg kg⁻¹ feed in group 3 and 50 mg kg⁻¹ feed in group IV. The body weights of chickens were determined once a week. Feed intake, mortality and culling rates were monitored regularly. At the end of the experiment, on day 42, 12 chickens (6 ♂ and 6 ♀) were selected from each group for slaughter and carcass quality analysis. The final body weights of chickens, feed intake (kg) per kg body weight and carcass weight during the rearing period did not differ significantly between groups. The lowest feed intake per kg lean meat was noted in chickens fed a diet with 50 mg propolis/kg feed (3.457 kg), and the highest – in broilers fed a diet with 10 mg propolis/kg feed (3.611 kg). The weight of carcass and selected carcass parts (neck, breast, legs) tended to increase in chickens that received propolis, although the noted differences were statistically non-significant. The percentage content of legs in the carcass was significantly lower in chickens fed a diet with an antibiotic growth promoter (AGP). The legs of chickens fed 50 mg propolis had a significantly higher muscle content and a lower fat content, compared with the legs of birds fed a diet with AGP.
The experimental materials comprised 600 BIG-6 turkeys (360♂ and 240 ♀). Females were reared to 16 and males to 22 weeks of age. Day-old poults were sexed and randomly allocated to 16 pens (eight pens of males and eight pens of females, 45 males per pen and 30 females per pen). Starting from one day of age, the turkeys were weighed at two-week intervals, and starting from two weeks of age, three birds selected randomly of each pen (24♂ and 24 ♀) were slaughtered at two-week intervals. Chilled carcasses were divided into parts (neck, legs, wings, breast and back) which were dissected to separate lean meat, skin with subcutaneous fat, inter-muscular fat, and bones. At two weeks of age, in both males and females, over 76% of the total muscle content was found in the breast and legs, and the remaining meat was located in the wings, back and neck. Until 16 weeks of age in males and until approximately 12 weeks of age in females, the rate of muscle deposition in the legs and wings was relatively slow, while a faster rate of muscle deposition was observed in the breast and back. Age-related changes in the distribution of skin with fat in turkey carcasses were greater than changes in muscle distribution. The content of skin with fat increased considerably in the breast in males and in the legs in females, while it decreased in the wings. The bone content of carcass parts changed to the lowest degree in growing turkeys.
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