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Artykuł charakteryzuje koszty pracy, zawiera ocenę struktury i dynamiki zmian w zakresie całkowitych kosztów pracy. Analizuje jednostkowy koszt pracy w ujęciu dynamicznym oraz relacje całkowitych kosztów pracy i ich składników do wartości produkcji sprzedanej netto.
Artykuł prezentuje wykorzystanie środków UE na wsparcie zmian w sektorze rolno-żywnościowym. Scharakteryzowano w nim poszczególne działania i opisano stan ich realizacji. Artykuł zamyka ocena stanu realizacji działań.
Circadian changes in the susceptibility of adult individuals of three cricket species: field cricket (Gryllus campestris), house cricket (Acheta domesticus), and tropical house cricket (Gryllodes sigillatus) to insecticides belonging to the group of synthetic pyrethroids (Bulldock 025 EC) and oxadiazine (Steward 30 WG) were tested in 2007 and 2008. The assessment included the intoxication of subsequent groups of animals with insecticides at four crucial times of the diurnal cycle – at sunrise, at noon, at sunset, and at midnight. Due to the strongly developed territorial behaviour of Gryllidae, which may strongly affect the results of the analysis, tests were performed both on animals kept separately and on groups of 10 individuals. The application of Steward 30 WG and Bulldock 025 EC caused a significant decrease in the animals’ survival rate to the level of 41% (intoxication at midnight) and 38% (intoxication at sunrise) in G. campestris; 50% (intoxication at sunset) and 61% (intoxication at midnight) in A. domesticus; and 45% (intoxication at midnight) and 50% (intoxication at sunrise) in G. sigillatus, respectively. In the case of G. campestris (the control group) and G. sigillatus (group treated with Bulldock 025 EC) the size of tested groups had a significant influence on their survival rate.
The aim of the paper is to evaluate the structure of assets as well as internal and external sources of finance of all 54 CACs in the province of Siedlce, which has been made on the basis of their annual financial statements. The study has shown that the years 1992 to 1994 have seen a considerable depreciation in fixed assets as well as a substantial increase in their share in all (fixed and current) assets, which proves an important degree of the immobilisation. The study has also revealed that the fixed assets are used inappropriately. The structure of the cooperative's funds is dominated by the internal funds. An insignificant increase in external sources of finance resulted from the increase in the current liabilities.
Circadian and seasonal changes in the susceptibility of honeybee (Apis mellifera) workers to intoxication by organophosphate, benzoylphenyl urea, carbamate, and oxadiazine insecticides have been studied from 2008 to 2009. Animals were collected in two apiaries located in the surroundings of Mielec and Tarnobrzeg in the Sub-Carpathian Province. The experiments consisted of intoxication by select xenobiotics of the subsequent groups of animals in two-hour intervals for a period of 24 hours and the analysis of their survivability. Experiments were carried out in spring and summer. The results suggest that the susceptibility of bees to different groups of insecticides varies significantly, both in the circadian and seasonal rhythms.
In 2007 and 2008 studies aimed to determine the effect of preparation belonging to carbamate compounds (Pirimor 500 WG), organophosphorus compounds (Diazol 500 EW), and quinazolin compounds (Magus 200 SC), on the oxygen consumption rate by adult beetles Anoplotrupes stercorosus were performed. Experiments were carried out under diverse ambient temperatures (14, 19, 24 i 29°C) using two ways of intoxication – contact intoxication or intoxication by ingestion of the biocide. In control insects the ambient temperature affected the oxygen demand only to a small extent. Usually, insecticide preparations which were used, markedly potentiated the oxygen consumption. In those experimental groups significant increases of oxygen consumption as the effect of ambient temperature elevation were noted. The mode of the intoxication influenced oxygen consumption only very slightly. The highest values of oxygen consumption were noted in animals treated by contact intoxication.
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