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The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of congenital heart defects in a population of dogs in Poland and to determine which breeds were affected by particular defects. A retrospective study of the medical records of cardiologically examined dogs revealed 301 cases of echocardiographically confirmed congenital heart defects. Dogs with congenital heart defects made up 2.7% of the dogs that underwent a cardiologic examination. The age at diagnosis ranged from 2 weeks to 190 months. Mixed breeds (33 dogs, 11%), Bull Terriers (31, 10%), Boxers (28, 9%), German Shepherds (17, 6%), Yorkshire Terriers (17, 6%), and French Bulldogs (16, 5%) were the most frequently affected breeds. Subaortic stenosis (120 cases, 33.9%), pulmonic stenosis (64, 18.1%), patent ductus arteriosus (59, 16.7%), mitral valve dysplasia (56, 15.8%), ventricular septal defect (24, 6.8%) and tricuspid valve dysplasia (17, 4.8%) were the most frequent congenital heart defects recognized in this study. Isolated congenital heart disease occurred in 258 dogs (86%), while multiple heart defects were noted in 43 dogs (14%). Most (60%) congenital heart defects were recognized in dogs older than 1 year. Early recognition of congenital heart defects is important for better patient care. Collecting information on the frequency of congenital heart defects in particular breeds will be useful in educating breeders and thus in improving the overall health of the breed.
A nine year-old intact tomcat was admitted into the Clinic for Small Animals because of adipsia and oliguria, which had been persisting for several weeks. A few weeks earlier the cat was treated for a complicated skin wound. Nothing but moderate dehydratation was discovered in clinical examination. For a more detailed examination of the animal’s status, blood and urine were collected for a basic check-up. All parameters were within reference values apart from mild hyponatremia. A non-specific course of the disease and blood check results aroused suspicion of feline hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s disease). ACTH stimulation test was conducted. It revealed a failure to respond to exogenous ACTH administration, thus confirminh the initial diagnosis. An X-ray of the thorax and ultrasonography of the abdomen displayed no pathological alterations. Antibiotics and a temporary subcutaneous fluid therapy with 0.9% saline were implemented so as to restore proper hydration and electrolyte balance. Then a chronic therapy with prednisone (Encorton 5 mg) at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight and fludrocortisone (Cortineff 0.1 mg) 0.05 mg/animal was applied. Over 16 months have passed since the primary diagnosis was made. During that time the health status of the cat has remained satisfactory apart from a temporary deterioration due to the appearance of a strong stressing agent, which necessitated the application of a short course of fluid therapy, doubling of prednisone doses and supplementation of phosphor. Rapid response to the modified therapy has confirmed the accuracy of the initial diagnosis. Moreover, a typical course of feline hypoadrenocorticism, available diagnostic methods as well as factors affecting prognosis were discussed.
Diagnostic performance of ID Screen® MVV-CAEV Indirect Screening ELISA in identifying goats infected with small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) was evaluated. In total 299 serum samples from the collection of the Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics - 109 truly positive and 190 truly negative - were used. To be enrolled in the study a serum sample had to come from at least 2 year-old goat which had reacted identically in two serological surveys preceding sample collection and was kept in a herd of stable serological status confirmed at least twice during preceding 5 years. Moreover, in seropositive herds at least 20% of goats had to be serologically positive at the moment when the serum sample was collected for the study. The test proved to have high accuracy. Area under curve was 98.8% (95% CI: 97.5%, 100%). Diagnostic performance of the test was almost identical (Youlden’s index of 90%, sensitivity >90% and specificity >95%) within a fairly wide range of cut-off values - between 20% and 60%. At manufacturer’s cut-off of 50% sensitivity and specificity were 91.7% (95% CI: 85.0%, 95.6%) and 98.9% (95% CI: 96.2%, 99.7%), respectively. For this cut-off positive likelihood ratio was 87 (95% CI: 22, 346) and negative likelihood ratio was 0.08 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.16). In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that ID Screen® MVV-CAEV Indirect Screening ELISA is a highly accurate diagnostic test for SRLV infection.
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