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Introduction and objective. Epidemiological assessment of maxillofacial fractures carried out by a given specialized centre may constitute valuable material for comparison with other regions of Poland and the European Union. This material could help standardize the present methods of treating craniofacial skeleton dislocations, and plan appropriate financial resources both for specialized treatment of such fractures and fractures that require multidisciplinary care. Moreover, the frequency of complicated maxillofacial fractures leading to residual disability and circumstances in which fracture occurred may be useful for the Social Security authorities. Materials and methods. This study is a continuation of research on maxillofacial traumatology carried by the Maxillofacial Department of the Medical University in Wrocław, Lower Silesia. Since 1956, a statistical review of maxillofacial fractures has been kept in 5 or 10-year periods. Statistical analysis of this kind is useful in indentifying the frequency of the phenomenon, taking suitable treatment precautions, verifying treatment methods, and analyzing costs and losses incurred as a result of absence at work. Sociological aspect of such studies includes indicating sources of socially adverse phenomena, i.e. violence or alcohol abuse. The studies were based on clinical documentation of 937 patients, where dependencies between chosen parameters were identified. As a basic statistical analysis of variable interdependence the χ2 test of independence was applied. Conclusions. Lately, there have been more maxillofacial fractures resulting from civilization changes. Simultaneously, there are new treatment methods and significant progress has been made regarding materials that are used in these treatments.
In recent years significant progress has been witnessed in the identification of stem cells, which have now also been identified in the lungs. The aim of this was to induce post-pneumonia alveolar regeneration to facilitate the identification of stem cells. The studies were performed on Buffalo strain rats. Pneumonia was induced in the animals by a sub-pleural injection of carragenin. On days 4, 5 and 10 of the experiment both the control and experimental animals received intraperitoneal injections of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). Twenty-four hours after the last BrdU injection the rats were sacrificed and samples of the lungs were taken for examination. In order to detect proliferating cells in the paraffin sections, BrdU incorporation was detected with monoclonal antibodies. In pilot experiments BrdU incorporation was demonstrated in individual alveolar cells of variable distribution and of variable intensity in the colour reaction. The results have confirmed the existence of stem cells in pulmonary alveoli but their closer characterisation requires further studies with other techniques to detect pulmonary stem cells.
The secreted proinflammatory interleukins IL-1, IL-6 and TNF in the course of experimentally-induced pleurisy can be the cause of pathological changes in the ultrastructure of cardiac muscle and of apoptosis. The pleurisy was induced in rats by means of carrageenin. The scraps of cardiac muscle obtained during the inflammatory reaction in the pleura were analysed by means of an electron microscope. The scraps were also stained with the TUNEL method in order to find the apoptotic foci. It was proved by the experiment that the inflammatory process affected mitochondria in the cardiomyocytes, enhanced collagen fibre synthesis and contributed to the formation of apoptotic foci in the cardiac muscle.
Wistar and Buffalo rats of both sexes, aged 4 months, were divided into three groups: I which was given an intramuscular injection of 3 x 10 6 cells of Morris hepatoma (Buffalo males), II - subcutaneous injection of 3 x 10 4 cells of mammary gland carcinoma (Wistar females), III - intraperitoneal injection of 3 x 104 cells of Yoshid sarcoma (Wistar males). The animals were killed: in group I - 19, group II - 13 and in group III - 6 days after tumor transplantation. Twenty four hours before euthanasia the rats were given 5-brome-2'-deoxyuridine (BRd-U) at a dose of 50 mg/kg body mass. The control group consisted of animals with tumour. They were not treated with BRd-U. Im- munocytochemical reaction was performed on the sections of tumors, using monoclonal anti-BRd-U clone BU-33, Sigma. Computer measurements of tumor cells were carried out. There was a high similarity in morphological parameters between two kinds of cancer, and clear differences between them and Yoshid sarcoma. The main difference was noted in a twofold increase in the quantity of synthesised DNA in the nuclei of sarcoma cells. Immunocytochemical identification of tumor cells in phase S of the cell cycle with the use of monoclonal anti-BRd-U antibody is a precise and quick method of estimation of their proliferative potential.
Despite legal regulations limiting emissions of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including dioxins, to the environment, they still constitute a significant component of environmental contamination. They are released in large amounts during various processes of combustion in industry, the management of refuse materials and also as a result of situations that are partially beyond our control, like fires, explosions and damage in chemical industries. Observations originating from various studies prove that exposure to dioxins results in multiple toxic effects on humans and experimental animals. Among the various disorders caused by dioxins are abnormalities in dentition. The effects of dioxin may last long after exposure.
Introduction and objective. Despite the restrictive legal regulations related to the reduction of dioxins emission, their concentration in the environment is still too high. Mainly, this is related to the illegal utilisation of electronic equipment and combustion of wastes, and also to intensified activity and maintenance of ships, especially in developing countries. The most important remaining source in Europe is the metal industry. Studies on the mechanism of impact of dioxins are still being carried out. This review points at new possibilities for limiting the molecular mechanisms of dioxins activity, inter alia, through the application of high doses of tocopherol and acetylsalicylic acid while treating dioxins intoxication. Brief description of the state of knowledge. Apart from the knowledge of dioxins affinity to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), the multi-stage radical-form actions and the pro-inflammatory mechanism associated with cyclooxygenase-II enzyme (COX-2) are under intense investigation at the moment. Due to the high affinity of dioxins to animals adipose tissue and their ability to accumulate in it, they can enter the food chain. Furthermore, high dioxin doses can cause poisoning manifested as advanced clinical symptoms, whereas in smaller doses, when cumulated, can cause metabolic changes which are often difficult to associate with their presence. Recently, some serious food contaminations by dioxins have been demonstrated. Sea fish and products from contaminated aqueducts still constitute potential sources of dioxins pollution. Conclusion. According to recent studies, dioxins are present in different concentrations in the environment and cause specific and long-time effects. These effects could be limited by the use of tocopherol and acetylsalicylic acid. Key
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