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1995 | 42 | 2 |

Tytuł artykułu

Emisja amoniaku z produkcji rolnej

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Treść / Zawartość

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Języki publikacji

PL

Abstrakty

EN
The global emission of ammonia is about 62 million tons of NH₃ a year with about 42% of this value contributed by animal production. In European countries where farming is based mostly on animal production the latter accounts for 72 % of this emission. Ammonia is a troublesome pollutant of the atmosphere since it is quickly removed from it in the form of wet and dry precipitation. The precipitation of ammonia and its product - ammonium ion brings about the acidification of waters and soil and the eutrophication of forest habitats and natural ecosystems. The emission of ammonia from agricultural sources in Poland in 1992 has been estimated at 416 thousand tons of NH₃, with 306 thousand tons of this amount from animal production. The emission showed strong drop compared to 1985, this being due mostly to the liquidation of state farms, since the emission of ammonia in voivodships with traditionally good agriculture or basing on milk production decreased but slightly during this time. The emission of ammonia from agriculture in Poland contributes to 30% of acid rains.

Wydawca

-

Rocznik

Tom

42

Numer

2

Opis fizyczny

s.3-23,rys.,tab.,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor
  • Instytut Melioracji i Uzytkow Zielonych, Falenty

Bibliografia

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  • [4] Allemand N. 1992. Tentative emission inventory of NH₃ in France in 1985. W: Ammonia emissions in Europa: Emission coefficients and abatement costs. Proceedings of a Workshop held 4-6 February at IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria. CP-92-04 September 1992, 127-134.
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  • [6] Asman W.A.H., Jaarveld H.A. 1992. Ammonia emission for use in abnospheric transport model. W: Ammonia emissions in Europa: Emission coefficients and abatement costs. Proceedings of a Workshop held 4-6 February at IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria. CP-9241 September 1992, 3-16.
  • [7] Asman W.A.H. 1992. A detailed ammonia emission inventory for Denmark and some deposition calculations. W: Ammonia emissions in Europt: Emission coefficients and abatement costs. Proceedings of a Workshop held 4-6 February at IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria. CP-92-04 September 1992, 159-168.
  • [8] Bless H-G. 1992. Ammonia emission after the application of manure in the field. W: Baltic Sea Enviromnent Proceedings No. 44. HELCOM, 28-37.
  • [9] Buijsman E., Maas J.F.M., Asman W.A.H. 1987. Ammonia emission in Europe. Atmospheric Environment 21: 1009-1022.
  • [10] Bussink D.W. 1989. Ammonia volatilization from a rationally grazed sward. Proc. of the International Symposium „Fertilizer and the environment" on the University of Leuven, August 27-29.
  • [11] Bussink D.W. 1991. Relation zwischen Gtünlanddüngung und NH₃-Emission beim Weidegang. VDLUFA-Schrieftenreihe 33, Kongreßband, 93-98.
  • [12] Bussink D.W. 1992. Ammonia volatilization from grassland receiving nitrogen fertilizer and rotationally grazed by daity cattle. Fertilizer Research 33: 257-265.
  • [13] Bussink D.W. 1994. Relationships between ammonia volatilization and nitrogen fertilizer application rate, intake and excretion of herbage by cattle on grazed swards. Fertilizer Research 38: 111-121.
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  • [16] ECETOC. 1994. Ammonia emissions to air in Western Europe. European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals. Technical Report No. 62. July 1994.
  • [17] Eggleston H.S. 1992. An improved UK ammonia emission inventory. W: Ammonia emissions in Europa: Emission coefficients and abatement costs. Proceedings of a Workshop held 4-6 February at IIASA. Laxenburg. Austria. CP-92-04 September 1992. 95-108.
  • [18] Elvingson P. 1992. The problem of ammonia. Acid News 1. March 1992. 14-15.
  • [19] Erisman J.W., Heij G.J., 1991. 3. Concentration and deposition of acidifying compounds. W: Studies in eniviromnental Science 46. Acidification research in the Netherlands. (Heij G.J., Schneider T. eds.). Elsevier 1991, 51-56.
  • [20] Fabry H. 1992. Ammonia emmisons in the Ferderal Republic of Germany. W: Ammonia emissions in Europa: Emission coefficients and abatement costs. Proceedings of a Workshop held 4-6 February at IIASA. Laxenburg. Austria CP-92-04 September 1992. 79-94.
  • [21] Fekete K.E. 1992. Regional scale ammonia emision inventory for Hungary. W: Ammonia emissions in Europa: Emission coefficients and abatement costs. Proceedings of a Workshop held 4-6 February at IIASA. Laxenburg. Austria CP-92-04 September 1992. 49-54.
  • [22] GaudiosoD., Trozzi C., Vaccaro R. 1992. Preliminary estimate of ammonia emissions in Italy. W: Ammonia emissions in Europa: Emission coefficients and abatement costs. Proceedings of a Workshop held 4-6 February at IIASA. Laxenburg. Austria. CP-92-04 September 1992. 147-158.
  • [23] Graf. M. 1992. The ammonia emission register for the five new "Länder'' in Germany. W: Ammonia emissions in Europa: Emission coefficients and abatement costs. Proceedings of a Workshop held 4-6 February at IIASA. Laxenburg. Austria. CP-92-04 September 1992. 71-78.
  • [24] GUS. 1993a. Zuzycie nawozów sztucznych i wapniowych w roku gospodarczym 1992/1993. Warszawa
  • [25] GUS. 1993b. Wyniki spisu rolniczego 1993. Warszawa.
  • [26] GUS. 1993c. Rolnicza produkcja towarowa i środki produkcji w rolnictwie w 1992 r. Warszawa.
  • [27] GUS. 1994. Rolnicza produkcja towarowa i środki produkcji w rolnictwie w 1993 r. Warszawa.
  • [28] Hartung J. 1992. A general cpde of practice to reduce ammonia volatilization from animal husbandary. W: Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings No. 44. HELCOM. 38-47.
  • [29] Holtan-Hartwig L., Bockman O.C. 1994. Ammonia exchange between crops and air. Norwegian Journal of Agricultural Science. Supplement No. 14, 5-41.
  • [30] Isermann K. 1990. Ammoniakffflissionen der Landwirtschaft als Bestandteil ihrer Stickstoffbilanz und Lösungsansätze zur hinreichenden Minderung. Gemeinsames KTBLNDI-Symposium: Ammoniak in der Umwelt - Kreisläufe. Wirkung. Minderung. Beitrag 1. S. 1.1 - 1.76.
  • [31] Isermann K. 1992. Ammonia emissons from agriculture as a component of its nitrogen balance and some proposals for their adequate redution. W: Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings No. 44. HELCOM, 48-96.
  • [32] Jarvis S.C., Hatch D.J., Lockyer D.R. 1989. Ammonia fluxes from grazed grassland: annual losses from cattle production systems and their relation to nitrogen inputs. Journal of Agricultural Science Cambridge 112: 99-108.
  • [33] Jarvis S.C. 1993. Nitrogen cycling and losses from dairy farms. Soil Use and Management 9(3): 99-105.
  • [34] Kruse M., ApSimon U.M, Bell J.N.B. 1989. Validity and uncertainity in the calculation of an emmision inventmy for ammonia arising from agriculture in Great Britain. Environmental Pollution 56: 237-257.
  • [35] Kemp A., Hemkes O.J., Van Steenbergen T. 1979. The crude protein production of grassland and the utilization by milking cows. Netherland Journal of Agriculture Science 27: 36-47.
  • [36] Klaassen G. 1992a Emissions of ammonia in Europe as incorpomted in RAINS. W: Ammonia emissions in Europa: Emission coefficients and abatement costs. Proceedings of a Workshop held 4-6 February at IIASA, Laxenburg. Austria. CP-92-04 September 1992, 25-48.
  • [37] Klaassen G. 1992b. Discusion and conclusions on emission inventories and emission coefficients for ammonia. W: Ammonia emissions in Europa: Emission coefficients and abatement costs Proceedings of a Workshop held 4-6 February at IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria CP-92-04 September, 169-173.
  • [38] Liechti P., Ritter E. 1910. Über das Entweichen von Ammoniak aus Gülle während und nach Ausbringen derselben. Landw. Jahrbuch der Schweiz, 481-525.
  • [39] Oldenburg J. 1992. Ammonia emissions from anima1 houses. W: Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings No. 44. HELCOM, 11-16.
  • [40] Menzi H.,Neftel A.,Besson J.-M., Stadelmann F.X. 1992. Special conditions influencing ammonia emission factors in Switzerland. W: Ammonia emissions in Europa: Emission coefficients and abatement costs. Proceedings of a Workshop held 4-6 February at IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria. CP-92-04 September 1992, 135-146.
  • [41] Möller D., Schieferdecker H. 1989. Ammonia emission and deposition of NH₄ in GDR. Atmospheric Environment 23: 1187-1193.
  • [42] Möller D. 1992. Ammonia budget for the former GDR. W: Ammonia emissions in Europa: Emission coefficients and abatement costs. Proceedings of a Workshop held 4-6 February at IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria CP-92-04 September 1992, 65-70.
  • [43] Pipati R. 1992. Ammonia emissions in Finland. W: Ammonia emissions in Europa: Emission coefficients and abatement costs. Proceedings of a Workshop held 4-6 February at IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria CP-92-04 September 1992, 55-64.
  • [44] RAINS. 1992. Regional Acidification Information and Simulation Model, Version 6.0. Manual. IIASA, August 1992.
  • [45] Rocznik statystyczny rolnictwa 1993, GUS, Warszawa.
  • [46] Schlesinger W.H., Hartly A.E. 1992. A global budget for atrnospheric NH₃. Biogeochem. 15: 191-211.
  • [47] Stadelmann F.X. 1988. N in der Landwirtschaft: Kreislauf, Probleme, Verluste, Synthese, Schlussfolgerungen. W: Stickstoff in Landwirschaft Luft und Umwelt FAC - Oktobertagung. 27. Oktober 1988.
  • [48] Steele K.W., Vallis I. 1988. The nitrogen cycle in pasture. Advances in nitrogen cycling in agricultural ecosystem. ed. J.R. Wilson. CAB. International 274-291.
  • [49] Whitehead D.C., Lockyer D.R. 1989. Decomposing grass herbage as a source of ammonia in the atmosphere. Atmospheric Environment 1867-1869.
  • [50] Whitehead D.C., Raistrick N. 1990. Ammonia volatilization from five nitrogen compounds used as fertilizers following surface application to soils. J. Soil Science 41: 387-394.

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

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