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2015 | 18 | 4 |

Tytuł artykułu

Etiology and pathology of epidemic outbreaks of avian influenza H5N1 infection in Egyptian chicken farms

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Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

EN

Abstrakty

EN
Epidemic outbreaks of avian influenza (AI) virus H5N1 have been frequently reported in Egypt during the last nine years. Here we investigate the involvement of AI H5N1 in outbreaks of acute respiratory disease that occurred in several commercial chicken farms in Egypt in 2011, and we describe to the pathology caused by the virus in the course of the outbreak. Twenty-one chicken farms with history of acute respiratory symptoms and high mortalities were screened for AI H5N1. Virus identification was based on hemagglutination inhibition test, and PCR detection and sequencing of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes. Virus distribution was determined by immunohistochemical staining of AI antigens in organs of infected birds. Standard H&E staining was performed for histological examination of affected organs. Eighty-one % of the examined birds, representing 100% of the screened farms, were positive for AI H5N1 virus. Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of the isolated virus reveals its affiliation to clade 2.2.1. Viral antigens were localized in the endothelial cells of the heart, liver, lungs and skin, where pathological lesions including congestion, hemorrhages, multifocal inflammation and necrosis were concurrently observed. According to the pattern of the viral antigen and lesion distribution in the visceral organs, we suggest cardiovascular and circulatory failures as the probable cause of death during these outbreaks. In conclusion, the present study further confirms the epidemic status of AI H5N1 virus in Egypt and reveals the highly pathogenic nature of the local isolates.

Słowa kluczowe

Wydawca

-

Rocznik

Tom

18

Numer

4

Opis fizyczny

p.779-786,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor
  • Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Elzera’a square, 44511 Sharkia, Egypt
autor
  • Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Zagazig University, Elzera’a square, 44511 Sharkia, Egypt
  • Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Elzera’a square, 44511 Sharkia, Egypt
  • Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, 55108 Minnesota, USA
  • Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Elzera’a square, 44511 Sharkia, Egypt
  • Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, 55108 Minnesota, USA
autor
  • Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Elzera’a square, 44511 Sharkia, Egypt
autor
  • Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Elzera’a square, 44511 Sharkia, Egypt
autor
  • Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Elzera’a square, 44511 Sharkia, Egypt
autor
  • Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Elzera’a square, 44511 Sharkia, Egypt
  • Laboratory of Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
  • Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Zagazig University, Elzera’a square, 44511 Sharkia, Egypt

Bibliografia

  • Abdelwhab EM, Selim AA, Arafa A, Galal S, Kilany WH, Hassan MK, Aly MM, Hafez MH (2010) Circulation of avian influenza H5N1 in live bird markets in Egypt. Avian Dis 54: 911-914.
  • Acland HM, Silverman Bachin LA, Eckroade RJ (1984) Lesions in Broiler and Layer Chickens in an Outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza-Virus Infection. Vet Pathol 21: 564-569.
  • Aly MM, Arafa A, Hassan MK (2008) Epidemiological findings of outbreaks of disease caused by highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus in poultry in Egypt during 2006. Avian Dis 52: 269-277.
  • Arafa A, Suarez D, Kholosy SG, Hassan MK, Nasef S, Selim A, Dauphin G, Kim M, Yilma J, Swayne D, Aly MM (2012) Evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses in Egypt indicating progressive adaptation. Arch Virol 157: 1931-1947.
  • Arafa AS, Naguib MM, Luttermann C, Selim AA, Kilany WH, Hagag N, Samy A, Abdelhalim A, Hassan MK, Abdelwahab EM, Makonnen Y, Dauphin G, Lubroth J, Mettenleiter TC, Beer M, Grund C, Harder TC (2015) Emergence of a novel cluster of influenza A (H5N1) virus clade 2.2.1.2 with putative human health impact in Egypt, 2014/15. Euro Surveill 20: 2-8.
  • Brojer C, Agren EO, Uhlhorn H, Bernodt K, Morner T, Jansson DS, Mattsson R, Zohari S, Thoren P, Berg M, Gavier-Widen D (2009) Pathology of natural highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 infection in wild tufted ducks (Aythya fuligula). J Vet Diagn Invest 21: 579-587.
  • Chen H, Smith GJ, Zhang SY, Qin K, Wang J, Li KS, Webster RG, Peiris JS, Guan Y (2005) Avian flu: H5N1 virus outbreak in migratory waterfowl. Nature 436: 191-192.
  • Kobayashi Y, Horimoto T, Kawaoka Y, Alexander DJ, Itakura C (1996) Pathological studies of chickens experimentally infected with two highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Avian Path 25: 285-304.
  • Nakatani H, Nakamura K, Yamamoto Y, Yamada M, Yamamoto Y (2005) Epidemiology, pathology, and immunohistochemistry of layer hens naturally affected with H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza in Japan. Avian Dis 49: 436-441.
  • Pantin-Jackwood MJ, Swayne DE (2009) Pathogenesis and pathobiology of avian influenza virus infection in birds. Rev Sci Et Tech 28: 113-136.
  • Rashid S, Naeem K, Ahmed Z, Saddique N, Abbas MA, Malik SA (2009) Multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the detection and differentiation of avian influenza viruses and other poultry respiratory pathogens. Poult Sci 88: 2526-2531.
  • Roussan DA, Haddad R, Khawaldeh G (2008) Molecular survey of avian respiratory pathogens in commercial broiler chicken flocks with respiratory diseases in Jordan. Poult Sci 87: 444-448.
  • Senne DA, Panigrahy B, Kawaoka Y, Pearson JE, Suss J, Lipkind M, Kida H, Webster RG (1996) Survey of the hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site sequence of H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses: amino acid sequence at the HA cleavage site as a marker of pathogenicity potential. Avian Dis 40: 425-437.
  • Swayne DE (1997) Pathobiology of H5N2 Mexican avian influenza virus infections of chickens. Vet Pathol 34: 557-567.
  • van Riel D, van den Brand JM, Munster VJ, Besteboer TM, Fouchier RA, Osterhaus AD, Kuiken T (2009) Pathology and Virus Distribution in Chickens Naturally Infected with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A Virus (H7N7) During the 2003 Outbreak in The Netherlands. Vet Pathol 46: 971-976.
  • Vollmer RT, Bancroft Jd, Stevens A (1983) Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques. JAMA 250: 1909.
  • Webster R, Cox N, Stohr K (2002) WHO Manual on Animal Influenza Diagnosis and Surveillance. WHO 40-65.
  • Wright KE, Wilson GA, Novosad D, Dimock C, Tan D, Weber JM (1995) Typing and subtyping of influenza viruses in clinical samples by PCR. J Clin Microbiol 33: 1180-1184.
  • Xu X, Subbarao, Cox NJ, Guo Y (1999) Genetic characterization of the pathogenic influenza A/Goose/Guangdong/ 1/96 (H5N1) virus: similarity of its hemagglutinin gene to those of H5N1 viruses from the 1997 outbreaks in Hong Kong. Virology 261: 15-19.

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

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