Thyroid hormones in the cerebrospinal fluid of the third ventricle of adult female sheep during different periods of reproductive activity

• Autorzy: Skipor J. , Misztal T. , Szczepkowska A.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Thyroid hormones (THs) are obligatory for transition from breeding season to anestrus in sheep. In this process, THs act during a very limited time of the year and primarily within the brain. In ewes chronically equipped for sampling cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the third ventricle, we have characterized the concentrations of total and free thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and total reverse T3 (rT3) in the CSF during breeding season, anestrus and during a critical period required for transition to anestrus (December-March). The total T4, T3, rT3 and free T3 average concentrations (± SEM) in CSF were 1.5 ± 0.07 ng/ml, 14.5 ± 1.2 pg/ml, 43 ± 7.4 pg/ml, and 0.6 ± 0.05 pg/ml, respectively, and all were significantly lower (p < 0.001) than in blood plasma except free T4 (12.6 ± 1.1 pg/ml), which was similar to that in plasma. There was a seasonal trend (p < 0.05) in the concentration of total T3 (highest in December) and free T4 (highest in November) in the CSF that does not follow that in blood plasma. During the period of transition to anestrus the CSF total T3/TT4 molar ratio and free T3/ T4 ratio were significantly lower (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) than in blood plasma, while the total rT3/T4 ratio was significantly higher (p < 0.01) at the end of this period (March). Additionally, the CSF total rT3 concentrations were also significantly correlated with the CSF total T4 levels (r = 0.57; p < 0.05). In conclusion, the CSF in sheep may serve as a considerable source of thyroid hormones for neuroendocrine events. The lack of significant changes in THs concentrations in the CSF during the period of transition to anestrus indicate that neither seasonal changes of THs circulating in the blood plasma nor THs circulating in the CSF actively drive the transition to anestrus.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

thyroid hormone; cerebrospinal fluid; ventricle; adult; female; sheep; reproductive activity; reproductive period; ewe; thyroxine; triiodothyronine; breeding season; anoestrus

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
• Rocznik: 2010
• Tom: 13
• Numer: 4
• Opis fizyczny: p.587-595,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Skipor J.

• Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland

autor

Misztal T.

autor

Szczepkowska A.

Bibliografia

• Agnati LF, Zoli M, Stro¨mberg I, Fuxe K (1995) Intercellular communication in the brain: wiring versus volume transmission. Neuroscience 69: 711-726.
• Barrett P, Ebling FJ, Schuhler S, Wilson D, Ross AW, Warner A, Jethwa P, Boelen A, Visser TJ, Ozanne DM, Archer ZA, Mercer JG, Morgan PJ (2007) Hypothalamic thyroid hormone catabolism acts as a gatekeeper for the seasonal control of body weight and reproduction. Endocrinology 148: 3608-3617.
• Chang L, Munro SL, Richardson SJ, Schreiber G (1999) Evolution of thyroid hormone binding by transthyretins in birds and mammals. Eur J Biochem 259: 534-542.
• Chen RL, Kassem NA, Preston JE (2006) Dose-dependent transthyretin inhibition of T4 uptake from cerebrospinal fluid in sheep. Neurosci Lett 396: 7-11.
• Chopra IJ, Solomon DH, Chopra U, Wu SY, Fisher DA, Nakamura Y (1978) Pathways of metabolism of thyroid hormones. Rec Prog Horm Res 34: 521-532.
• Dahl GE, Evans NP, Moenter SM, Karsch FJ (1994) The thyroid gland is required for reproductive neuroendocrine responses to photoperiod in the ewe. Endocrinology 135: 10-15.
• Graff MN, Baas D, Puymirat J, Sarlieve LL, Delaunoy JP (1993). The α and β thyroid receptors are expressed by cultured ependymal cells. Correlation with the effect of L-3,5,3’-triiodothyronine on glutamine synthetase mRNAs. Neurosci Lett 150: 174-78.
• Hagen GA, Solberg LA Jr (1974) Brain and cerebrospinal fluid permeability to intravenous thyroid hormones. Endocrinology 95: 1398-1410.
• Hanon EA, Lincoln GA, Fustin JM, Dardente H, Masson-Pevet M, Morgan PJ, Hazlerigg DG (2008) Ancestral TSH mechanism signals summer in a photoperiodic mammal. Curr Biol 18: 1147-1152.
• Karsch FJ, Dahl GE, Hachigian TM, Thrun LA (1995) Involvement of thyroid hormones in seasonal reproduction. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 49: 409-422.
• Kassem NA, Deane R, Segal MB, Preston JE (2006) Role of transthyretin in thyroxine transfer from cerebrospinal fluid to brain and choroid plexus. Am J Physiol 291: R1310-R1315.
• Kirkegaard C, Faber J (1991) Free thyroxine and 3,3’,5’ – triiodothyronine levels in cerebrospinal fluid and in patients with endogenous depression. Acta Endocrinol 124: 166-172.
• Kohrle J (1999) Local activation and inactivation of thyroid hormones: the deiodinase family. Mol Cell Endocrinol 151: 103-119.
• Kuchler-Bopp S, Ittel ME, Dietrich JB, Reeber A, Zaepfel M, Delaunoy JP (1998) The presence of transthyretin in rat ependymal cells is due to endocytosis and not synthesis. Brain Res 793: 219-230.
• Lechan RM, Fekete C (2007) Infundibular tanycytes as modulators of neuroendocrine function: hypothetical role in the regulation of the thyroid and gonadal axis. Acta Biomed 78: Suppl 1 84-98.
• Lehman MN, Goodman RL, Karsch FJ, Jackson GL, Berriman SJ, Jansen HT (1997) The GnRH system of seasonal breeders: anatomy and plasticity. Brain Res Bull 44: 445-457.
• Moenter SM, Woodfill CJ, Karsch FJ (1991) Role of the thyroid gland in seasonal reproduction: thyroidectomy blocks seasonal supression of reproductive neuroendocrine activity in ewes. Endocrinology 128: 1337-1344.
• Nicholls TJ, Follett BK, Goldsmith AR, Pearson H (1988) Possible homologies between photorefractoriness in sheep and birds: the effect of thyroidectomy on the length of the ewe’s breeding season. Reprod Nutr Dev 28: 375-385.
• O’Callaghan D, Karsch FJ, Boland MP, Hanrahan JP, Roche JF (1992) Variation in the timing of the reproductive season among breeds of sheep in relation to differences in photoperiodic synchronization of an endogenous rhythm. J Reprod Fertil 96: 443-452.
• Porterfield SP, Hendrich CE (1993) The role of thyroid hormones in prenatal and neonatal neurological development – current perspectives. Endocr Rev 14: 94-106.
• Sampaolo S, Campos-Barros A, Mazziotti G, Carlomagno S, Sannino V, Amato G, Carella C, Di Ioro G (2005) Increased cerebrospinal fluid levels of 3,3’,5’ triiodothyronine in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90: 198-202.
• Schreiber G, Aldred AR, Jaworowski A, Nilsson C, Achen MG, Segal MB (1990) Thyroxine transport from blood to brain via transthyretin synthesis in choroid plexus. Am J Physiol 258: R338-R345.
• Shi ZD, Barrell GK (1992) Requirement of thyroid function for the expression of seasonal reproductive and related changes in red deer (Cervus elaphus) stags. J Reprod Fertil 94: 251-259.
• Skipor J, Misztal T, Kaczmarek M (2010) Independent changes of thyroid hormones in blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid after melatonin treatment in ewes. Theriogenology 74: 236-245.
• Skipor J, Thiery JC (2008) The choroid plexus – cerebrospinal fluid system: undervaluated pathway of neuroendocrine signaling into the brain. Acta Neurobiol Exp 68: 414-428.
• Southwell BR, Duan W, Alcorn D, Brack C, Richardson SJ, Köhrle J, Schreiber G (1993) Thyroxine transport to the brain: role of protein synthesis by the choroid plexus. Endocrinology 133: 2116-2126.
• Thompson P Jr, Burman KD, Wright FD, Potter MW, Wartofsky L (1982) Iodothyronine levels in human cerebrospinal fluid. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 54: 653-655.
• Thrun LA, Dahl GE, Evans NP, Karsch FJ (1997) A critical period for thyroid hormone action on seasonal changes in reproductive neuroendocrine function in the ewe. Endocrinology 138: 3402-3409.
• Tsykin A, Schreiber G (1993) Sheep thyroxine-binding globulin: cDNA sequence and expression. Mol Cell Endocrinol 98: 91-97.
• Viguie C, Battaglia DF, Krasa HB, Thrun LA, Karsch FJ (1999) Thyroid hormones act primarily within the brain to promote the seasonal inhibition of l=uteinizing hormone secretion in the ewe. Endocrinology 140: 1111-1117.
• Watanabe T, Yamamura T, Watanabe M, Yasuo S, Nakao N, Dawson A, Ebihara S, Yoshimura T (2007) Hypothalamic expression of thyroid hormone-activating and -inactivating enzyme genes in relation to photorefractoriness in birds and mammals. Am J Physiol 292: R568-R572.
• Webster JR, Moenter SM, Barrell GK, Lehman MN, Karsch FJ (1991) Role of the thyroid glasnd in seasonal reproduction. III. Thyroidectomy blocks seasonal suppression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion in sheep. Endocrinology 129: 1635-1643.
• Yasuo S, Nakao N, Ohkura S, Iigo M, Hagiwara S, Goto A, Ando H, Yamamura T, Watanabe M, Watanabe T, Oda S, Maeda K, Lincoln GA, Okamura H, Ebihara S, Yoshimura T (2006) Long-day suppressed expression of type 2 deiodinase gene in the mediobasal hypothalamus of the Saanen goat, a short-day breeder: implication for seasonal window of thyroid hormone action on reproductive neuroendocrine axis. Endocrinology 147: 432-440.
• Yasuo S, Watanabe M, Nakao N, Takagi T, Follett BK, Ebihara S, Yoshimura T (2005) The reciprocal switching of two thyroid hormone-activating and-inactivating enzyme genes is involved in the photoperiodic gonadal response of Japanese quail. Endocrinology 146: 2551-2554.